--Law Free Method of Logic Reasoning

By Shilong Wu May 15, 2009

Any question could be discusses at Google Groups

http://groups.google.com/group/Concept-Algebra/

The manmade procedure may produce the risk in human life; it may be the logical relation is not considered completely. The logic thinking automation<1> (or concept calculator) that is designed based on the theory of concept algebra<2> will help people to consider the logic problems in their research area and make the people become more intelligence than.

Hypothesizes must be produced when people want to research some problem. The research results will be got according to the hypothesis. The researchers will be got more research results, if the background meanings of the hypothesis have been understood before their research. The hypothesis calculated by concept calculator will help the researchers to understand the meanings behind the hypothesis before their research. The Einstein’s four hypothesizes of relativity will be calculated by concept calculator at this serious articles. There are a lot of logical meanings produced.

The Einstein’s four hypothesizes of relativity is as follows:

The first hypothesis: the velocity of light is the same in all reference systems of inertia;

The second hypothesis: gravitate quality is same as inertia quality；

The third hypothesis: the natural laws in all reference systems of inertia are same；

The fourth hypothesis: the physics laws in all reference systems of inertia are same；

For calculating convenient on concept calculator, the explain of these four hypothesizes must be changed as follows::

Velocity of light belong to reference system of inertia A equals to velocity of light belong to reference system of inertia B

Gravitate quality equals to inertia quality

Natural law belong to reference system of inertia A equals to natural law belong to reference system of inertia B

Physics law belong to reference system of inertia A equals to physics law belong to reference system of inertia B

The all reference systems were replaced by two real reference systems. All of these sentences had been recognized by concept calculator. There are eight basic concepts in these four hypothesizes, they are “Velocity of light”, “reference system of inertia A”, “reference system of inertia B”, “Gravitate quality”, “Gravitate quality”, “inertia quality”, “Natural law” and “Physics law”. There are two connect verb in hypothesizes, they are “belong to” and “equals to”. These two connect verbs are the compound operation of concept algebra. “belong to” is replaced by the sign <; “equals to” is replaced by the sign =. So that these four sentences could be expressed as four concept expressions:

(velocity of light < reference system of inertia A) = (velocity of light < reference system of inertia B)

Gravitate quality = inertia quality

(Natural law < reference system of inertia A) = (Natural law < reference system of inertia B)

(Physics law < reference system of inertia A) = (Physics law < reference system of inertia B)

For getting the logical results from the expression, the concept equation must be established first.:

X / ((velocity of light < reference system of inertia A) = (velocity of light < reference system of inertia B)) = Dao

X / (Gravitate quality = inertia quality) = Dao

X / ((Natural law < reference system of inertia A) = (Natural law < reference system of inertia B)) = Dao

X / ((Physics law < reference system of inertia A) = (Physics law < reference system of inertia B)) = Dao

X is unknown variable; sign / is division operation sign on concept algebra, the meaning of this operation of “…could be got from …”; Dao is the only one constant on concept algebra.

There are a lot of logical explanations will be got after solving these concept equations. As the procedure discussed above, when the sentence input to the concept calculator the sentence will be transferred to the concept expressions and the concept equation established and solved, a lot of logical meanings will be got automated. The fourth hypothesis “natural law belong to reference system of inertia A equals to natural law belong to reference system of inertia B” will be inputted into the concept calculator, the logical results will be posted one by one. The tenth logical explanation is as follows:

 “any category does not relate to reference system of inertia A”  could be got from  ““this category does not relate to reference system of inertia B” and “physics law includes this category”“

This logical explanation was replaced into the equation, gets following concept expression:

( “any category does not relate to reference system of inertia A”  could be got from  ““this category does not relate to reference system of inertia B” and “physics law includes this category”“) / (Gravitate quality equal to inertia quality) = Dao

This expression could be read as:

""any category does not relate to reference system of inertia A"  could be got from  ""this category does not relate to reference system of inertia B" and "physics law includes this category"""  can be got from physics law belong to reference system of inertia A equals to physics law belong to reference system of inertia B

or read as:

If physics law belong to reference system of inertia A equals to physics law belong to reference system of inertia B, then "any category does not relate to reference system of inertia A"  could be got from  ""this category does not relate to reference system of inertia B" and "physics law includes this category""

The words in the result sentence are produced by logic thinking automation.

Reference :

<1> Shilong Wu “Pattern on automation of logic thinking”(in Chinese’s ) “逻辑思维自动机专利”

http://conceptalgebra.blog.sohu.com/63916856.html

<2> Shilong Wu “concept algebra”

http://blog.tom.com/concept_algebra/article/3360.html

--非逻辑定律推理法

吴士珑写于2009年5月14日

讨论问题请至Google论坛

http://groups.google.com/group/discussion-of-concept-algebra/topics

 或发送电子邮件至该论坛：discussion-of-concept-algebra@googlegroups.com

人类生活在大自然中, 必须按照自然规律行事. 不按自然规律, 必将被自然报复. 例如污染了环境, 人们不得不化力气去治理. 发生了金融危机, 人们才进行反思. 这些状况都可以归结为人类行为的逻辑缺失. 逻辑缺失是人们在行为发生之前对行为的结果缺少逻辑的全面考虑. 逻辑规律是自然规律的一种, 因此人类的行为必须合乎逻辑规律. 当人类发现 “概念代数”<1> 之后. 掌握了逻辑规律, 并且设计了 “逻辑思维自动机”<2>. 使人类避免不合逻辑的行为而变得更加聪明, 人类就有可能规避各种危机, 使人类生活更加和谐幸福.

人们在科学研究中都对研究对象做些基本假设. 研究人员依据这些基本假设可以得出符合这些基本假设的成果来. 如果人们能在开始研究之前对这些基本假设背后的逻辑含义用 “概念计算器” 来做计算, 定能帮助研究人员在研究过程中少走弯路. 本系列将对相对论的四个假设分别在 “概念计算器” 中予以计算, 从而得到对这些基本假设的一系列合乎逻辑的解释.

爱因斯坦的相对论有如下四个假设：

爱因斯坦第1假设：所有惯性参照系中的物理规律是相同的；

爱因斯坦第2假设：光在所有惯性系中速度相同；

爱因斯坦第3假设：引力质量和惯性质量是等同的；

爱因斯坦的第4假设：自然法则在所有的惯性参照系中是等同的

为了便于在概念计算器中计算, 我们将这四个假设重新改写成命题形式如下:

光在所有惯性系中速度是等同的

引力质量和惯性质量是等同的

自然法则在所有的惯性参照系中是等同的

所有惯性参照系中的物理规律是等同的

再将等同语句进行改写:

光在惯性系A中速度等于光在惯性系B中速度

引力质量等于惯性质量

在A惯性参照系中的自然法则等于在B惯性参照系中的自然法则

在A惯性参照系中的物理规律等于在B惯性参照系中的物理规律

这里, 我们将 “所有惯性参照系” 用两个不同惯性参照系来替代. 再将所有格语句进行改写: 例如将 “光在惯性系A中速度” 改写成 “光速属于惯性系A”.  使所陈述的语句能被 “概念计算器” 所认识::

光速属于惯性参照系A等于光速属于惯性参照系B

引力质量等于惯性质量

自然法则属于惯性参照系A等于自然法则属于惯性参照系B

物理规律属于惯性参照系A等于物理规律属于惯性参照系B

这样在这四个假设中有七个基本概念, 即 “光速”,  “惯性系A”,  “惯性系B”,  “引力质量”, “惯性质量”, “自然法则” 和 “物理规律”; 二种概念关系连接词, 即 “属于” 和  “等于”. 在概念代数学中, 这些表达概念之间关系的连接词是概念代数学中的复合运算符. “属于” 用符号 < 来表示;  “等于” 用符号 = 来表示. 于是我们可以将这四个假设转换成如下的概念表达式:

(光速 < 惯性系A)  =  (光速 < 惯性系B)

引力质量 = 惯性质量

(自然法则 < 惯性系A)  =  (自然法则 < 惯性系B)

(物理规律 < 惯性系A)  =  (物理规律 < 惯性系B)

为了从概念表达式求取合乎逻辑的结果, 首先建立如下概念方程:

X / ((光速 < 惯性系A)  =  (光速 < 惯性系B)) = Dao

X / (引力质量 = 惯性质量) = Dao

X / (( (自然法则 < 惯性系A)  =  (自然法则 < 惯性系B) )) = Dao

X / (( (物理规律 < 惯性系A)  =  (物理规律 < 惯性系B) )) = Dao

式中X是未知变量; 符号 / 是概念代数学中的除号, 其含义为 “…可从…得到”; Dao是概念代数学中的唯一常量.

求解这四个概念方程可以得到这些假设的许多合乎逻辑的解释. 将这四个假设直接输入 “概念计算器”, “概念计算器” 将这些语句转换成概念方程后求解. 这里将对各个假设分别予以计算. 本文将对假设4 “物理规律属于惯性系A等于物理规律属于惯性系B” 的计算结果依次予以发布. 在将能被 “概念计算器” 所认识假设3的语句 “物理规律属于惯性系A等于物理规律属于惯性系B” 输入到概念计算器之后, 就可得到一系列合乎逻辑的结果. 第9个合乎逻辑的结果是:

““某类独立于物理规律” 能从 ““惯性系B包含这类” 和 “这类独立于惯性系A”“ 得到

代入这个解后, 我们得到下述概念表达式:

““某类独立于物理规律” 能从 ““惯性系B包含这类” 和 “这类独立于惯性系A”“ 得到 / (自然法则属于惯性系A等于自然法则属于惯性系B) = Dao

这个概念表达式可以读作

""某类独立于物理规律" 能从 ""惯性系B包含这类" 和 "这类独立于惯性系A"" 得到" 能从 "物理规律属于惯性系A等于物理规律属于惯性系B" 得到

又可读作:

如果 物理规律属于惯性系A等于物理规律属于惯性系B, 那末 "某类独立于物理规律" 能从 ""惯性系B包含这类" 和 "这类独立于惯性系A"" 得到

结果中的语句是由系统自动生成, 读起来不顺口. 读者能理解各概念之间的逻辑关系就可以了. 在结果中如果出现 “某类” 或 “这类”, 读者可按自己的理解代入实际概念.

参考文献:

<1> 吴士珑 “概念代数”

http://blog.tom.com/concept_algebra/article/3224.html

<2> 吴士珑 “逻辑思维自动机专利”

http://conceptalgebra.blog.sohu.com/63916856.html

--Law Free Method of Logic Reasoning

By Shilong Wu May 13, 2009

Any question could be discusses at Google Groups

http://groups.google.com/group/Concept-Algebra/

The manmade procedure may produce the risk in human life; it may be the logical relation is not considered completely. The logic thinking automation<1> (or concept calculator) that is designed based on the theory of concept algebra<2> will help people to consider the logic problems in their research area and make the people become more intelligence than.

Hypothesizes must be produced when people want to research some problem. The research results will be got according to the hypothesis. The researchers will be got more research results, if the background meanings of the hypothesis have been understood before their research. The hypothesis calculated by concept calculator will help the researchers to understand the meanings behind the hypothesis before their research. The Einstein’s four hypothesizes of relativity will be calculated by concept calculator at this serious articles. There are a lot of logical meanings produced.

The Einstein’s four hypothesizes of relativity is as follows:

The first hypothesis: the velocity of light is the same in all reference systems of inertia;

The second hypothesis: gravitate quality is same as inertia quality；

The third hypothesis: the natural laws in all reference systems of inertia are same；

The fourth hypothesis: the physics laws in all reference systems of inertia are same；

For calculating convenient on concept calculator, the explain of these four hypothesizes must be changed as follows::

Velocity of light belong to reference system of inertia A equals to velocity of light belong to reference system of inertia B

Gravitate quality equals to inertia quality

Natural law belong to reference system of inertia A equals to natural law belong to reference system of inertia B

Physics law belong to reference system of inertia A equals to physics law belong to reference system of inertia B

The all reference systems were replaced by two real reference systems. All of these sentences had been recognized by concept calculator. There are eight basic concepts in these four hypothesizes, they are “Velocity of light”, “reference system of inertia A”, “reference system of inertia B”, “Gravitate quality”, “Gravitate quality”, “inertia quality”, “Natural law” and “Physics law”. There are two connect verb in hypothesizes, they are “belong to” and “equals to”. These two connect verbs are the compound operation of concept algebra. “belong to” is replaced by the sign <; “equals to” is replaced by the sign =. So that these four sentences could be expressed as four concept expressions:

(velocity of light < reference system of inertia A) = (velocity of light < reference system of inertia B)

Gravitate quality = inertia quality

(Natural law < reference system of inertia A) = (Natural law < reference system of inertia B)

(Physics law < reference system of inertia A) = (Physics law < reference system of inertia B)

For getting the logical results from the expression, the concept equation must be established first.:

X / ((velocity of light < reference system of inertia A) = (velocity of light < reference system of inertia B)) = Dao

X / (Gravitate quality = inertia quality) = Dao

X / ((Natural law < reference system of inertia A) = (Natural law < reference system of inertia B)) = Dao

X / ((Physics law < reference system of inertia A) = (Physics law < reference system of inertia B)) = Dao

X is unknown variable; sign / is division operation sign on concept algebra, the meaning of this operation of “…could be got from …”; Dao is the only one constant on concept algebra.

There are a lot of logical explanations will be got after solving these concept equations. As the procedure discussed above, when the sentence input to the concept calculator the sentence will be transferred to the concept expressions and the concept equation established and solved, a lot of logical meanings will be got automated. The fourth hypothesis “natural law belong to reference system of inertia A equals to natural law belong to reference system of inertia B” will be inputted into the concept calculator, the logical results will be posted one by one. The nineth logical explanation is as follows:

 “any category does not relate to reference system of inertia A”  could be got from  ““this category does not relate to reference system of inertia B” and “this category is physics law”“

This logical explanation was replaced into the equation, gets following concept expression:

( “any category does not relate to reference system of inertia A”  could be got from  ““this category does not relate to reference system of inertia B” and “this category is physics law”“) / (Gravitate quality equal to inertia quality) = Dao

This expression could be read as:

""any category does not relate to reference system of inertia A"  could be got from  ""this category does not relate to reference system of inertia B" and "this category is physics law"""  can be got from physics law belong to reference system of inertia A equals to physics law belong to reference system of inertia B

or read as:

If physics law belong to reference system of inertia A equals to physics law belong to reference system of inertia B, then "any category does not relate to reference system of inertia A"  could be got from  ""this category does not relate to reference system of inertia B" and "this category is physics law""

The words in the result sentence are produced by logic thinking automation.

Reference :

<1> Shilong Wu “Pattern on automation of logic thinking”(in Chinese’s ) “逻辑思维自动机专利”

http://conceptalgebra.blog.sohu.com/63916856.html

<2> Shilong Wu “concept algebra”

http://blog.tom.com/concept_algebra/article/3360.html

--非逻辑定律推理法

吴士珑写于2009年5月12日

讨论问题请至Google论坛

http://groups.google.com/group/discussion-of-concept-algebra/topics

 或发送电子邮件至该论坛：discussion-of-concept-algebra@googlegroups.com

人类生活在大自然中, 必须按照自然规律行事. 不按自然规律, 必将被自然报复. 例如污染了环境, 人们不得不化力气去治理. 发生了金融危机, 人们才进行反思. 这些状况都可以归结为人类行为的逻辑缺失. 逻辑缺失是人们在行为发生之前对行为的结果缺少逻辑的全面考虑. 逻辑规律是自然规律的一种, 因此人类的行为必须合乎逻辑规律. 当人类发现 “概念代数”<1> 之后. 掌握了逻辑规律, 并且设计了 “逻辑思维自动机”<2>. 使人类避免不合逻辑的行为而变得更加聪明, 人类就有可能规避各种危机, 使人类生活更加和谐幸福.

人们在科学研究中都对研究对象做些基本假设. 研究人员依据这些基本假设可以得出符合这些基本假设的成果来. 如果人们能在开始研究之前对这些基本假设背后的逻辑含义用 “概念计算器” 来做计算, 定能帮助研究人员在研究过程中少走弯路. 本系列将对相对论的四个假设分别在 “概念计算器” 中予以计算, 从而得到对这些基本假设的一系列合乎逻辑的解释.

爱因斯坦的相对论有如下四个假设：

爱因斯坦第1假设：所有惯性参照系中的物理规律是相同的；

爱因斯坦第2假设：光在所有惯性系中速度相同；

爱因斯坦第3假设：引力质量和惯性质量是等同的；

爱因斯坦的第4假设：自然法则在所有的惯性参照系中是等同的

为了便于在概念计算器中计算, 我们将这四个假设重新改写成命题形式如下:

光在所有惯性系中速度是等同的

引力质量和惯性质量是等同的

自然法则在所有的惯性参照系中是等同的

所有惯性参照系中的物理规律是等同的

再将等同语句进行改写:

光在惯性系A中速度等于光在惯性系B中速度

引力质量等于惯性质量

在A惯性参照系中的自然法则等于在B惯性参照系中的自然法则

在A惯性参照系中的物理规律等于在B惯性参照系中的物理规律

这里, 我们将 “所有惯性参照系” 用两个不同惯性参照系来替代. 再将所有格语句进行改写: 例如将 “光在惯性系A中速度” 改写成 “光速属于惯性系A”.  使所陈述的语句能被 “概念计算器” 所认识::

光速属于惯性参照系A等于光速属于惯性参照系B

引力质量等于惯性质量

自然法则属于惯性参照系A等于自然法则属于惯性参照系B

物理规律属于惯性参照系A等于物理规律属于惯性参照系B

这样在这四个假设中有七个基本概念, 即 “光速”,  “惯性系A”,  “惯性系B”,  “引力质量”, “惯性质量”, “自然法则” 和 “物理规律”; 二种概念关系连接词, 即 “属于” 和  “等于”. 在概念代数学中, 这些表达概念之间关系的连接词是概念代数学中的复合运算符. “属于” 用符号 < 来表示;  “等于” 用符号 = 来表示. 于是我们可以将这四个假设转换成如下的概念表达式:

(光速 < 惯性系A)  =  (光速 < 惯性系B)

引力质量 = 惯性质量

(自然法则 < 惯性系A)  =  (自然法则 < 惯性系B)

(物理规律 < 惯性系A)  =  (物理规律 < 惯性系B)

为了从概念表达式求取合乎逻辑的结果, 首先建立如下概念方程:

X / ((光速 < 惯性系A)  =  (光速 < 惯性系B)) = Dao

X / (引力质量 = 惯性质量) = Dao

X / (( (自然法则 < 惯性系A)  =  (自然法则 < 惯性系B) )) = Dao

X / (( (物理规律 < 惯性系A)  =  (物理规律 < 惯性系B) )) = Dao

式中X是未知变量; 符号 / 是概念代数学中的除号, 其含义为 “…可从…得到”; Dao是概念代数学中的唯一常量.

求解这四个概念方程可以得到这些假设的许多合乎逻辑的解释. 将这四个假设直接输入 “概念计算器”, “概念计算器” 将这些语句转换成概念方程后求解. 这里将对各个假设分别予以计算. 本文将对假设4 “物理规律属于惯性系A等于物理规律属于惯性系B” 的计算结果依次予以发布. 在将能被 “概念计算器” 所认识假设3的语句 “物理规律属于惯性系A等于物理规律属于惯性系B” 输入到概念计算器之后, 就可得到一系列合乎逻辑的结果. 第8个合乎逻辑的结果是:

““某类独立于物理规律” 能从 ““这类属于惯性系B” 和 “这类独立于惯性系A”“ 得到

代入这个解后, 我们得到下述概念表达式:

““某类独立于物理规律” 能从 ““这类属于惯性系B” 和 “这类独立于惯性系A”“ 得到 / (自然法则属于惯性系A等于自然法则属于惯性系B) = Dao

这个概念表达式可以读作

""某类独立于物理规律" 能从 ""这类属于惯性系B" 和 "这类独立于惯性系A"" 得到" 能从 "物理规律属于惯性系A等于物理规律属于惯性系B" 得到

又可读作:

如果 物理规律属于惯性系A等于物理规律属于惯性系B, 那末 "某类独立于物理规律" 能从 ""这类属于惯性系B" 和 "这类独立于惯性系A"" 得到

结果中的语句是由系统自动生成, 读起来不顺口. 读者能理解各概念之间的逻辑关系就可以了. 在结果中如果出现 “某类” 或 “这类”, 读者可按自己的理解代入实际概念.

参考文献:

<1> 吴士珑 “概念代数”

http://blog.tom.com/concept_algebra/article/3224.html

<2> 吴士珑 “逻辑思维自动机专利”

http://conceptalgebra.blog.sohu.com/63916856.html

--Law Free Method of Logic Reasoning

By Shilong Wu May 11, 2009

Any question could be discusses at Google Groups

http://groups.google.com/group/Concept-Algebra/

The manmade procedure may produce the risk in human life; it may be the logical relation is not considered completely. The logic thinking automation<1> (or concept calculator) that is designed based on the theory of concept algebra<2> will help people to consider the logic problems in their research area and make the people become more intelligence than.

Hypothesizes must be produced when people want to research some problem. The research results will be got according to the hypothesis. The researchers will be got more research results, if the background meanings of the hypothesis have been understood before their research. The hypothesis calculated by concept calculator will help the researchers to understand the meanings behind the hypothesis before their research. The Einstein’s four hypothesizes of relativity will be calculated by concept calculator at this serious articles. There are a lot of logical meanings produced.

The Einstein’s four hypothesizes of relativity is as follows:

The first hypothesis: the velocity of light is the same in all reference systems of inertia;

The second hypothesis: gravitate quality is same as inertia quality；

The third hypothesis: the natural laws in all reference systems of inertia are same；

The fourth hypothesis: the physics laws in all reference systems of inertia are same；

For calculating convenient on concept calculator, the explain of these four hypothesizes must be changed as follows::

Velocity of light belong to reference system of inertia A equals to velocity of light belong to reference system of inertia B

Gravitate quality equals to inertia quality

Natural law belong to reference system of inertia A equals to natural law belong to reference system of inertia B

Physics law belong to reference system of inertia A equals to physics law belong to reference system of inertia B

The all reference systems were replaced by two real reference systems. All of these sentences had been recognized by concept calculator. There are eight basic concepts in these four hypothesizes, they are “Velocity of light”, “reference system of inertia A”, “reference system of inertia B”, “Gravitate quality”, “Gravitate quality”, “inertia quality”, “Natural law” and “Physics law”. There are two connect verb in hypothesizes, they are “belong to” and “equals to”. These two connect verbs are the compound operation of concept algebra. “belong to” is replaced by the sign <; “equals to” is replaced by the sign =. So that these four sentences could be expressed as four concept expressions:

(velocity of light < reference system of inertia A) = (velocity of light < reference system of inertia B)

Gravitate quality = inertia quality

(Natural law < reference system of inertia A) = (Natural law < reference system of inertia B)

(Physics law < reference system of inertia A) = (Physics law < reference system of inertia B)

For getting the logical results from the expression, the concept equation must be established first.:

X / ((velocity of light < reference system of inertia A) = (velocity of light < reference system of inertia B)) = Dao

X / (Gravitate quality = inertia quality) = Dao

X / ((Natural law < reference system of inertia A) = (Natural law < reference system of inertia B)) = Dao

X / ((Physics law < reference system of inertia A) = (Physics law < reference system of inertia B)) = Dao

X is unknown variable; sign / is division operation sign on concept algebra, the meaning of this operation of “…could be got from …”; Dao is the only one constant on concept algebra.

There are a lot of logical explanations will be got after solving these concept equations. As the procedure discussed above, when the sentence input to the concept calculator the sentence will be transferred to the concept expressions and the concept equation established and solved, a lot of logical meanings will be got automated. The fourth hypothesis “natural law belong to reference system of inertia A equals to natural law belong to reference system of inertia B” will be inputted into the concept calculator, the logical results will be posted one by one. The eighth logical explanation is as follows:

 “any category does not relate to reference system of inertia A”  could be got from  ““physics law includes this category” and “this category does not relate to reference system of inertia B”“

This logical explanation was replaced into the equation, gets following concept expression:

( “any category does not relate to reference system of inertia A”  could be got from  ““physics law includes this category” and “this category does not relate to reference system of inertia B”“) / (Gravitate quality equal to inertia quality) = Dao

This expression could be read as:

""any category does not relate to reference system of inertia A"  could be got from  ""physics law includes this category" and "this category does not relate to reference system of inertia B"""  can be got from physics law belong to reference system of inertia A equals to physics law belong to reference system of inertia B

or read as:

If physics law belong to reference system of inertia A equals to physics law belong to reference system of inertia B, then "any category does not relate to reference system of inertia A"  could be got from  ""physics law includes this category" and "this category does not relate to reference system of inertia B""

The words in the result sentence are produced by logic thinking automation.

Reference :

<1> Shilong Wu “Pattern on automation of logic thinking”(in Chinese’s ) “逻辑思维自动机专利”

http://conceptalgebra.blog.sohu.com/63916856.html

<2> Shilong Wu “concept algebra”

http://blog.tom.com/concept_algebra/article/3360.html

    文汇报2009年5月3日第六版 “寻求文化中的 ’共通’ 价值” 一文中有一段如下文字：

“中国儒家的 “仁’, 西方基督教的 “博爱”, 印度佛教的 “慈悲”, 三者虽然形式不同, 但都体现着 “爱” 这一共同的价值理念, 故而具有 “共通价值” 的意义.”

暂将这些属于儒, 景, 佛三教的理念用等同的观念联系起来, 并且用定义来表示

爱定义为中国儒家的仁

爱定义为西方基督教的博爱

爱定义为印度佛教的慈悲

或用包含关系来表示

中国儒家的仁包含爱

西方基督教的博爱包含爱

印度佛教的慈悲包含爱

用概念计算器将对上述模式予以计算, 计算结果将公布于此.

--非逻辑定律推理法

吴士珑写于2009年5月10日

讨论问题请至Google论坛

http://groups.google.com/group/discussion-of-concept-algebra/topics

 或发送电子邮件至该论坛：discussion-of-concept-algebra@googlegroups.com

人类生活在大自然中, 必须按照自然规律行事. 不按自然规律, 必将被自然报复. 例如污染了环境, 人们不得不化力气去治理. 发生了金融危机, 人们才进行反思. 这些状况都可以归结为人类行为的逻辑缺失. 逻辑缺失是人们在行为发生之前对行为的结果缺少逻辑的全面考虑. 逻辑规律是自然规律的一种, 因此人类的行为必须合乎逻辑规律. 当人类发现 “概念代数”<1> 之后. 掌握了逻辑规律, 并且设计了 “逻辑思维自动机”<2>. 使人类避免不合逻辑的行为而变得更加聪明, 人类就有可能规避各种危机, 使人类生活更加和谐幸福.

人们在科学研究中都对研究对象做些基本假设. 研究人员依据这些基本假设可以得出符合这些基本假设的成果来. 如果人们能在开始研究之前对这些基本假设背后的逻辑含义用 “概念计算器” 来做计算, 定能帮助研究人员在研究过程中少走弯路. 本系列将对相对论的四个假设分别在 “概念计算器” 中予以计算, 从而得到对这些基本假设的一系列合乎逻辑的解释.

爱因斯坦的相对论有如下四个假设：

爱因斯坦第1假设：所有惯性参照系中的物理规律是相同的；

爱因斯坦第2假设：光在所有惯性系中速度相同；

爱因斯坦第3假设：引力质量和惯性质量是等同的；

爱因斯坦的第4假设：自然法则在所有的惯性参照系中是等同的

为了便于在概念计算器中计算, 我们将这四个假设重新改写成命题形式如下:

光在所有惯性系中速度是等同的

引力质量和惯性质量是等同的

自然法则在所有的惯性参照系中是等同的

所有惯性参照系中的物理规律是等同的

再将等同语句进行改写:

光在惯性系A中速度等于光在惯性系B中速度

引力质量等于惯性质量

在A惯性参照系中的自然法则等于在B惯性参照系中的自然法则

在A惯性参照系中的物理规律等于在B惯性参照系中的物理规律

这里, 我们将 “所有惯性参照系” 用两个不同惯性参照系来替代. 再将所有格语句进行改写: 例如将 “光在惯性系A中速度” 改写成 “光速属于惯性系A”.  使所陈述的语句能被 “概念计算器” 所认识::

光速属于惯性参照系A等于光速属于惯性参照系B

引力质量等于惯性质量

自然法则属于惯性参照系A等于自然法则属于惯性参照系B

物理规律属于惯性参照系A等于物理规律属于惯性参照系B

这样在这四个假设中有七个基本概念, 即 “光速”,  “惯性系A”,  “惯性系B”,  “引力质量”, “惯性质量”, “自然法则” 和 “物理规律”; 二种概念关系连接词, 即 “属于” 和  “等于”. 在概念代数学中, 这些表达概念之间关系的连接词是概念代数学中的复合运算符. “属于” 用符号 < 来表示;  “等于” 用符号 = 来表示. 于是我们可以将这四个假设转换成如下的概念表达式:

(光速 < 惯性系A)  =  (光速 < 惯性系B)

引力质量 = 惯性质量

(自然法则 < 惯性系A)  =  (自然法则 < 惯性系B)

(物理规律 < 惯性系A)  =  (物理规律 < 惯性系B)

为了从概念表达式求取合乎逻辑的结果, 首先建立如下概念方程:

X / ((光速 < 惯性系A)  =  (光速 < 惯性系B)) = Dao

X / (引力质量 = 惯性质量) = Dao

X / (( (自然法则 < 惯性系A)  =  (自然法则 < 惯性系B) )) = Dao

X / (( (物理规律 < 惯性系A)  =  (物理规律 < 惯性系B) )) = Dao

式中X是未知变量; 符号 / 是概念代数学中的除号, 其含义为 “…可从…得到”; Dao是概念代数学中的唯一常量.

求解这四个概念方程可以得到这些假设的许多合乎逻辑的解释. 将这四个假设直接输入 “概念计算器”, “概念计算器” 将这些语句转换成概念方程后求解. 这里将对各个假设分别予以计算. 本文将对假设4 “物理规律属于惯性系A等于物理规律属于惯性系B” 的计算结果依次予以发布. 在将能被 “概念计算器” 所认识假设3的语句 “物理规律属于惯性系A等于物理规律属于惯性系B” 输入到概念计算器之后, 就可得到一系列合乎逻辑的结果. 第7个合乎逻辑的结果是:

““某类独立于惯性系A” 能从 ““这类独立于惯性系B” 和 “物理规律包含这类”“ 得到

代入这个解后, 我们得到下述概念表达式:

““某类独立于惯性系A” 能从 ““这类独立于惯性系B” 和 “物理规律包含这类”“ 得到 / (自然法则属于惯性系A等于自然法则属于惯性系B) = Dao

这个概念表达式可以读作

""某类独立于惯性系A" 能从 ""这类独立于惯性系B" 和 "物理规律包含这类"" 得到" 能从 "物理规律属于惯性系A等于物理规律属于惯性系B" 得到

又可读作:

如果 物理规律属于惯性系A等于物理规律属于惯性系B, 那末 "某类独立于惯性系A" 能从 ""这类独立于惯性系B" 和 "物理规律包含这类"" 得到

结果中的语句是由系统自动生成, 读起来不顺口. 读者能理解各概念之间的逻辑关系就可以了. 在结果中如果出现 “某类” 或 “这类”, 读者可按自己的理解代入实际概念.

参考文献:

<1> 吴士珑 “概念代数”

http://blog.tom.com/concept_algebra/article/3224.html

<2> 吴士珑 “逻辑思维自动机专利”

http://conceptalgebra.blog.sohu.com/63916856.html

--Law Free Method of Logic Reasoning

By Shilong Wu May 9, 2009

Any question could be discusses at Google Groups

http://groups.google.com/group/Concept-Algebra/

The manmade procedure may produce the risk in human life; it may be the logical relation is not considered completely. The logic thinking automation<1> (or concept calculator) that is designed based on the theory of concept algebra<2> will help people to consider the logic problems in their research area and make the people become more intelligence than.

Hypothesizes must be produced when people want to research some problem. The research results will be got according to the hypothesis. The researchers will be got more research results, if the background meanings of the hypothesis have been understood before their research. The hypothesis calculated by concept calculator will help the researchers to understand the meanings behind the hypothesis before their research. The Einstein’s four hypothesizes of relativity will be calculated by concept calculator at this serious articles. There are a lot of logical meanings produced.

The Einstein’s four hypothesizes of relativity is as follows:

The first hypothesis: the velocity of light is the same in all reference systems of inertia;

The second hypothesis: gravitate quality is same as inertia quality；

The third hypothesis: the natural laws in all reference systems of inertia are same；

The fourth hypothesis: the physics laws in all reference systems of inertia are same；

For calculating convenient on concept calculator, the explain of these four hypothesizes must be changed as follows::

Velocity of light belong to reference system of inertia A equals to velocity of light belong to reference system of inertia B

Gravitate quality equals to inertia quality

Natural law belong to reference system of inertia A equals to natural law belong to reference system of inertia B

Physics law belong to reference system of inertia A equals to physics law belong to reference system of inertia B

The all reference systems were replaced by two real reference systems. All of these sentences had been recognized by concept calculator. There are eight basic concepts in these four hypothesizes, they are “Velocity of light”, “reference system of inertia A”, “reference system of inertia B”, “Gravitate quality”, “Gravitate quality”, “inertia quality”, “Natural law” and “Physics law”. There are two connect verb in hypothesizes, they are “belong to” and “equals to”. These two connect verbs are the compound operation of concept algebra. “belong to” is replaced by the sign <; “equals to” is replaced by the sign =. So that these four sentences could be expressed as four concept expressions:

(velocity of light < reference system of inertia A) = (velocity of light < reference system of inertia B)

Gravitate quality = inertia quality

(Natural law < reference system of inertia A) = (Natural law < reference system of inertia B)

(Physics law < reference system of inertia A) = (Physics law < reference system of inertia B)

For getting the logical results from the expression, the concept equation must be established first.:

X / ((velocity of light < reference system of inertia A) = (velocity of light < reference system of inertia B)) = Dao

X / (Gravitate quality = inertia quality) = Dao

X / ((Natural law < reference system of inertia A) = (Natural law < reference system of inertia B)) = Dao

X / ((Physics law < reference system of inertia A) = (Physics law < reference system of inertia B)) = Dao

X is unknown variable; sign / is division operation sign on concept algebra, the meaning of this operation of “…could be got from …”; Dao is the only one constant on concept algebra.

There are a lot of logical explanations will be got after solving these concept equations. As the procedure discussed above, when the sentence input to the concept calculator the sentence will be transferred to the concept expressions and the concept equation established and solved, a lot of logical meanings will be got automated. The fourth hypothesis “natural law belong to reference system of inertia A equals to natural law belong to reference system of inertia B” will be inputted into the concept calculator, the logical results will be posted one by one. The seventh logical explanation is as follows:

 “any category does not relate to reference system of inertia A”  could be got from  ““this category is physics law” and “this category does not relate to reference system of inertia B”“

This logical explanation was replaced into the equation, gets following concept expression:

( “any category does not relate to reference system of inertia A”  could be got from  ““this category is physics law” and “this category does not relate to reference system of inertia B”“) / (Gravitate quality equal to inertia quality) = Dao

This expression could be read as:

""any category does not relate to reference system of inertia A"  could be got from  ""this category is physics law" and "this category does not relate to reference system of inertia B"""  can be got from physics law belong to reference system of inertia A equals to physics law belong to reference system of inertia B

or read as:

If physics law belong to reference system of inertia A equals to physics law belong to reference system of inertia B, then "any category does not relate to reference system of inertia A"  could be got from  ""this category is physics law" and "this category does not relate to reference system of inertia B""

The words in the result sentence are produced by logic thinking automation.

Reference :

<1> Shilong Wu “Pattern on automation of logic thinking”(in Chinese’s ) “逻辑思维自动机专利”

http://conceptalgebra.blog.sohu.com/63916856.html

<2> Shilong Wu “concept algebra”

http://blog.tom.com/concept_algebra/article/3360.html

--非逻辑定律推理法

吴士珑写于2009年5月8日

讨论问题请至Google论坛

http://groups.google.com/group/discussion-of-concept-algebra/topics

 或发送电子邮件至该论坛：discussion-of-concept-algebra@googlegroups.com

人类生活在大自然中, 必须按照自然规律行事. 不按自然规律, 必将被自然报复. 例如污染了环境, 人们不得不化力气去治理. 发生了金融危机, 人们才进行反思. 这些状况都可以归结为人类行为的逻辑缺失. 逻辑缺失是人们在行为发生之前对行为的结果缺少逻辑的全面考虑. 逻辑规律是自然规律的一种, 因此人类的行为必须合乎逻辑规律. 当人类发现 “概念代数”<1> 之后. 掌握了逻辑规律, 并且设计了 “逻辑思维自动机”<2>. 使人类避免不合逻辑的行为而变得更加聪明, 人类就有可能规避各种危机, 使人类生活更加和谐幸福.

人们在科学研究中都对研究对象做些基本假设. 研究人员依据这些基本假设可以得出符合这些基本假设的成果来. 如果人们能在开始研究之前对这些基本假设背后的逻辑含义用 “概念计算器” 来做计算, 定能帮助研究人员在研究过程中少走弯路. 本系列将对相对论的四个假设分别在 “概念计算器” 中予以计算, 从而得到对这些基本假设的一系列合乎逻辑的解释.

爱因斯坦的相对论有如下四个假设：

爱因斯坦第1假设：所有惯性参照系中的物理规律是相同的；

爱因斯坦第2假设：光在所有惯性系中速度相同；

爱因斯坦第3假设：引力质量和惯性质量是等同的；

爱因斯坦的第4假设：自然法则在所有的惯性参照系中是等同的

为了便于在概念计算器中计算, 我们将这四个假设重新改写成命题形式如下:

光在所有惯性系中速度是等同的

引力质量和惯性质量是等同的

自然法则在所有的惯性参照系中是等同的

所有惯性参照系中的物理规律是等同的

再将等同语句进行改写:

光在惯性系A中速度等于光在惯性系B中速度

引力质量等于惯性质量

在A惯性参照系中的自然法则等于在B惯性参照系中的自然法则

在A惯性参照系中的物理规律等于在B惯性参照系中的物理规律

这里, 我们将 “所有惯性参照系” 用两个不同惯性参照系来替代. 再将所有格语句进行改写: 例如将 “光在惯性系A中速度” 改写成 “光速属于惯性系A”.  使所陈述的语句能被 “概念计算器” 所认识::

光速属于惯性参照系A等于光速属于惯性参照系B

引力质量等于惯性质量

自然法则属于惯性参照系A等于自然法则属于惯性参照系B

物理规律属于惯性参照系A等于物理规律属于惯性参照系B

这样在这四个假设中有七个基本概念, 即 “光速”,  “惯性系A”,  “惯性系B”,  “引力质量”, “惯性质量”, “自然法则” 和 “物理规律”; 二种概念关系连接词, 即 “属于” 和  “等于”. 在概念代数学中, 这些表达概念之间关系的连接词是概念代数学中的复合运算符. “属于” 用符号 < 来表示;  “等于” 用符号 = 来表示. 于是我们可以将这四个假设转换成如下的概念表达式:

(光速 < 惯性系A)  =  (光速 < 惯性系B)

引力质量 = 惯性质量

(自然法则 < 惯性系A)  =  (自然法则 < 惯性系B)

(物理规律 < 惯性系A)  =  (物理规律 < 惯性系B)

为了从概念表达式求取合乎逻辑的结果, 首先建立如下概念方程:

X / ((光速 < 惯性系A)  =  (光速 < 惯性系B)) = Dao

X / (引力质量 = 惯性质量) = Dao

X / (( (自然法则 < 惯性系A)  =  (自然法则 < 惯性系B) )) = Dao

X / (( (物理规律 < 惯性系A)  =  (物理规律 < 惯性系B) )) = Dao

式中X是未知变量; 符号 / 是概念代数学中的除号, 其含义为 “…可从…得到”; Dao是概念代数学中的唯一常量.

求解这四个概念方程可以得到这些假设的许多合乎逻辑的解释. 将这四个假设直接输入 “概念计算器”, “概念计算器” 将这些语句转换成概念方程后求解. 这里将对各个假设分别予以计算. 本文将对假设4 “物理规律属于惯性系A等于物理规律属于惯性系B” 的计算结果依次予以发布. 在将能被 “概念计算器” 所认识假设3的语句 “物理规律属于惯性系A等于物理规律属于惯性系B” 输入到概念计算器之后, 就可得到一系列合乎逻辑的结果. 第6个合乎逻辑的结果是:

“ “某类独立于惯性系A” 能从 ““这类独立于惯性系B” 和 “这类属于物理规律”“ 得到

代入这个解后, 我们得到下述概念表达式:

“ “某类独立于惯性系A” 能从 ““这类独立于惯性系B” 和 “这类属于物理规律”“ 得到 / (自然法则属于惯性系A等于自然法则属于惯性系B) = Dao

这个概念表达式可以读作

""某类独立于惯性系A" 能从 ""这类独立于惯性系B" 和 "这类属于物理规律"" 得到" 能从 "物理规律属于惯性系A等于物理规律属于惯性系B" 得到

又可读作:

如果 物理规律属于惯性系A等于物理规律属于惯性系B, 那末 "某类独立于惯性系A" 能从 ""这类独立于惯性系B" 和 "这类属于物理规律"" 得到

结果中的语句是由系统自动生成, 读起来不顺口. 读者能理解各概念之间的逻辑关系就可以了. 在结果中如果出现 “某类” 或 “这类”, 读者可按自己的理解代入实际概念.

参考文献:

<1> 吴士珑 “概念代数”

http://blog.tom.com/concept_algebra/article/3224.html

<2> 吴士珑 “逻辑思维自动机专利”

http://conceptalgebra.blog.sohu.com/63916856.html

--Law Free Method of Logic Reasoning

By Shilong Wu 2009年5月7日

Any question could be discusses at Google Groups

http://groups.google.com/group/Concept-Algebra/

The manmade procedure may produce the risk in human life; it may be the logical relation is not considered completely. The logic thinking automation<1> (or concept calculator) that is designed based on the theory of concept algebra<2> will help people to consider the logic problems in their research area and make the people become more intelligence than.

Hypothesizes must be produced when people want to research some problem. The research results will be got according to the hypothesis. The researchers will be got more research results, if the background meanings of the hypothesis have been understood before their research. The hypothesis calculated by concept calculator will help the researchers to understand the meanings behind the hypothesis before their research. The Einstein’s four hypothesizes of relativity will be calculated by concept calculator at this serious articles. There are a lot of logical meanings produced.

The Einstein’s four hypothesizes of relativity is as follows:

The first hypothesis: the velocity of light is the same in all reference systems of inertia;

The second hypothesis: gravitate quality is same as inertia quality；

The third hypothesis: the natural laws in all reference systems of inertia are same；

The fourth hypothesis: the physics laws in all reference systems of inertia are same；

For calculating convenient on concept calculator, the explain of these four hypothesizes must be changed as follows::

Velocity of light belong to reference system of inertia A equals to velocity of light belong to reference system of inertia B

Gravitate quality equals to inertia quality

Natural law belong to reference system of inertia A equals to natural law belong to reference system of inertia B

Physics law belong to reference system of inertia A equals to physics law belong to reference system of inertia B

The all reference systems were replaced by two real reference systems. All of these sentences had been recognized by concept calculator. There are eight basic concepts in these four hypothesizes, they are “Velocity of light”, “reference system of inertia A”, “reference system of inertia B”, “Gravitate quality”, “Gravitate quality”, “inertia quality”, “Natural law” and “Physics law”. There are two connect verb in hypothesizes, they are “belong to” and “equals to”. These two connect verbs are the compound operation of concept algebra. “belong to” is replaced by the sign <; “equals to” is replaced by the sign =. So that these four sentences could be expressed as four concept expressions:

(velocity of light < reference system of inertia A) = (velocity of light < reference system of inertia B)

Gravitate quality = inertia quality

(Natural law < reference system of inertia A) = (Natural law < reference system of inertia B)

(Physics law < reference system of inertia A) = (Physics law < reference system of inertia B)

For getting the logical results from the expression, the concept equation must be established first.:

X / ((velocity of light < reference system of inertia A) = (velocity of light < reference system of inertia B)) = Dao

X / (Gravitate quality = inertia quality) = Dao

X / ((Natural law < reference system of inertia A) = (Natural law < reference system of inertia B)) = Dao

X / ((Physics law < reference system of inertia A) = (Physics law < reference system of inertia B)) = Dao

X is unknown variable; sign / is division operation sign on concept algebra, the meaning of this operation of “…could be got from …”; Dao is the only one constant on concept algebra.

There are a lot of logical explanations will be got after solving these concept equations. As the procedure discussed above, when the sentence input to the concept calculator the sentence will be transferred to the concept expressions and the concept equation established and solved, a lot of logical meanings will be got automated. The fourth hypothesis “natural law belong to reference system of inertia A equals to natural law belong to reference system of inertia B” will be inputted into the concept calculator, the logical results will be posted one by one. The sixth logical explanation is as follows:

 “any category does not relate to physics law”  could be got from  ““reference system of inertia A includes this category” and “this category does not relate to reference system of inertia B”“

This logical explanation was replaced into the equation, gets following concept expression:

( “any category does not relate to physics law”  could be got from  ““reference system of inertia A includes this category” and “this category does not relate to reference system of inertia B”“) / (Gravitate quality equal to inertia quality) = Dao

This expression could be read as:

""any category does not relate to physics law"  could be got from  ""reference system of inertia A includes this category" and "this category does not relate to reference system of inertia B"""  can be got from physics law belong to reference system of inertia A equals to physics law belong to reference system of inertia B

or read as:

If physics law belong to reference system of inertia A equals to physics law belong to reference system of inertia B, then "any category does not relate to physics law"  could be got from  ""reference system of inertia A includes this category" and "this category does not relate to reference system of inertia B""

The words in the result sentence are produced by logic thinking automation.

Reference :

<1> Shilong Wu “Pattern on automation of logic thinking”(in Chinese’s ) “逻辑思维自动机专利”

http://conceptalgebra.blog.sohu.com/63916856.html

<2> Shilong Wu “concept algebra”

http://blog.tom.com/concept_algebra/article/3360.html

--Law Free Method of Logic Reasoning

By Shilong Wu 2009年5月5日

Any question could be discusses at Google Groups

http://groups.google.com/group/Concept-Algebra/

The manmade procedure may produce the risk in human life; it may be the logical relation is not considered completely. The logic thinking automation<1> (or concept calculator) that is designed based on the theory of concept algebra<2> will help people to consider the logic problems in their research area and make the people become more intelligence than.

Hypothesizes must be produced when people want to research some problem. The research results will be got according to the hypothesis. The researchers will be got more research results, if the background meanings of the hypothesis have been understood before their research. The hypothesis calculated by concept calculator will help the researchers to understand the meanings behind the hypothesis before their research. The Einstein’s four hypothesizes of relativity will be calculated by concept calculator at this serious articles. There are a lot of logical meanings produced.

The Einstein’s four hypothesizes of relativity is as follows:

The first hypothesis: the velocity of light is the same in all reference systems of inertia;

The second hypothesis: gravitate quality is same as inertia quality；

The third hypothesis: the natural laws in all reference systems of inertia are same；

The fourth hypothesis: the physics laws in all reference systems of inertia are same；

For calculating convenient on concept calculator, the explain of these four hypothesizes must be changed as follows::

Velocity of light belong to reference system of inertia A equals to velocity of light belong to reference system of inertia B

Gravitate quality equals to inertia quality

Natural law belong to reference system of inertia A equals to natural law belong to reference system of inertia B

Physics law belong to reference system of inertia A equals to physics law belong to reference system of inertia B

The all reference systems were replaced by two real reference systems. All of these sentences had been recognized by concept calculator. There are eight basic concepts in these four hypothesizes, they are “Velocity of light”, “reference system of inertia A”, “reference system of inertia B”, “Gravitate quality”, “Gravitate quality”, “inertia quality”, “Natural law” and “Physics law”. There are two connect verb in hypothesizes, they are “belong to” and “equals to”. These two connect verbs are the compound operation of concept algebra. “belong to” is replaced by the sign <; “equals to” is replaced by the sign =. So that these four sentences could be expressed as four concept expressions:

(velocity of light < reference system of inertia A) = (velocity of light < reference system of inertia B)

Gravitate quality = inertia quality

(Natural law < reference system of inertia A) = (Natural law < reference system of inertia B)

(Physics law < reference system of inertia A) = (Physics law < reference system of inertia B)

For getting the logical results from the expression, the concept equation must be established first.:

X / ((velocity of light < reference system of inertia A) = (velocity of light < reference system of inertia B)) = Dao

X / (Gravitate quality = inertia quality) = Dao

X / ((Natural law < reference system of inertia A) = (Natural law < reference system of inertia B)) = Dao

X / ((Physics law < reference system of inertia A) = (Physics law < reference system of inertia B)) = Dao

X is unknown variable; sign / is division operation sign on concept algebra, the meaning of this operation of “…could be got from …”; Dao is the only one constant on concept algebra.

There are a lot of logical explanations will be got after solving these concept equations. As the procedure discussed above, when the sentence input to the concept calculator the sentence will be transferred to the concept expressions and the concept equation established and solved, a lot of logical meanings will be got automated. The fourth hypothesis “natural law belong to reference system of inertia A equals to natural law belong to reference system of inertia B” will be inputted into the concept calculator, the logical results will be posted one by one. The fifth logical explanation is as follows:

 “any category does not relate to physics law”  could be got from  ““this category is reference system of inertia A” and “this category does not relate to reference system of inertia B”“

This logical explanation was replaced into the equation, gets following concept expression:

( “any category does not relate to physics law”  could be got from  ““this category is reference system of inertia A” and “this category does not relate to reference system of inertia B”“) / (Gravitate quality equal to inertia quality) = Dao

This expression could be read as:

""any category does not relate to physics law"  could be got from  ""this category is reference system of inertia A" and "this category does not relate to reference system of inertia B"""  can be got from physics law belong to reference system of inertia A equals to physics law belong to reference system of inertia B

or read as:

If physics law belong to reference system of inertia A equals to physics law belong to reference system of inertia B, then "any category does not relate to physics law"  could be got from  ""this category is reference system of inertia A" and "this category does not relate to reference system of inertia B""

The words in the result sentence are produced by logic thinking automation.

Reference :

<1> Shilong Wu “Pattern on automation of logic thinking”(in Chinese’s ) “逻辑思维自动机专利”

http://conceptalgebra.blog.sohu.com/63916856.html

<2> Shilong Wu “concept algebra”

http://blog.tom.com/concept_algebra/article/3360.html

--非逻辑定律推理法

吴士珑写于2009年5月4日

讨论问题请至Google论坛

http://groups.google.com/group/discussion-of-concept-algebra/topics

 或发送电子邮件至该论坛：discussion-of-concept-algebra@googlegroups.com

人类生活在大自然中, 必须按照自然规律行事. 不按自然规律, 必将被自然报复. 例如污染了环境, 人们不得不化力气去治理. 发生了金融危机, 人们才进行反思. 这些状况都可以归结为人类行为的逻辑缺失. 逻辑缺失是人们在行为发生之前对行为的结果缺少逻辑的全面考虑. 逻辑规律是自然规律的一种, 因此人类的行为必须合乎逻辑规律. 当人类发现 “概念代数”<1> 之后. 掌握了逻辑规律, 并且设计了 “逻辑思维自动机”<2>. 使人类避免不合逻辑的行为而变得更加聪明, 人类就有可能规避各种危机, 使人类生活更加和谐幸福.

人们在科学研究中都对研究对象做些基本假设. 研究人员依据这些基本假设可以得出符合这些基本假设的成果来. 如果人们能在开始研究之前对这些基本假设背后的逻辑含义用 “概念计算器” 来做计算, 定能帮助研究人员在研究过程中少走弯路. 本系列将对相对论的四个假设分别在 “概念计算器” 中予以计算, 从而得到对这些基本假设的一系列合乎逻辑的解释.

爱因斯坦的相对论有如下四个假设：

爱因斯坦第1假设：所有惯性参照系中的物理规律是相同的；

爱因斯坦第2假设：光在所有惯性系中速度相同；

爱因斯坦第3假设：引力质量和惯性质量是等同的；

爱因斯坦的第4假设：自然法则在所有的惯性参照系中是等同的

为了便于在概念计算器中计算, 我们将这四个假设重新改写成命题形式如下:

光在所有惯性系中速度是等同的

引力质量和惯性质量是等同的

自然法则在所有的惯性参照系中是等同的

所有惯性参照系中的物理规律是等同的

再将等同语句进行改写:

光在惯性系A中速度等于光在惯性系B中速度

引力质量等于惯性质量

在A惯性参照系中的自然法则等于在B惯性参照系中的自然法则

在A惯性参照系中的物理规律等于在B惯性参照系中的物理规律

这里, 我们将 “所有惯性参照系” 用两个不同惯性参照系来替代. 再将所有格语句进行改写: 例如将 “光在惯性系A中速度” 改写成 “光速属于惯性系A”.  使所陈述的语句能被 “概念计算器” 所认识::

光速属于惯性参照系A等于光速属于惯性参照系B

引力质量等于惯性质量

自然法则属于惯性参照系A等于自然法则属于惯性参照系B

物理规律属于惯性参照系A等于物理规律属于惯性参照系B

这样在这四个假设中有七个基本概念, 即 “光速”,  “惯性系A”,  “惯性系B”,  “引力质量”, “惯性质量”, “自然法则” 和 “物理规律”; 二种概念关系连接词, 即 “属于” 和  “等于”. 在概念代数学中, 这些表达概念之间关系的连接词是概念代数学中的复合运算符. “属于” 用符号 < 来表示;  “等于” 用符号 = 来表示. 于是我们可以将这四个假设转换成如下的概念表达式:

(光速 < 惯性系A)  =  (光速 < 惯性系B)

引力质量 = 惯性质量

(自然法则 < 惯性系A)  =  (自然法则 < 惯性系B)

(物理规律 < 惯性系A)  =  (物理规律 < 惯性系B)

为了从概念表达式求取合乎逻辑的结果, 首先建立如下概念方程:

X / ((光速 < 惯性系A)  =  (光速 < 惯性系B)) = Dao

X / (引力质量 = 惯性质量) = Dao

X / (( (自然法则 < 惯性系A)  =  (自然法则 < 惯性系B) )) = Dao

X / (( (物理规律 < 惯性系A)  =  (物理规律 < 惯性系B) )) = Dao

式中X是未知变量; 符号 / 是概念代数学中的除号, 其含义为 “…可从…得到”; Dao是概念代数学中的唯一常量.

求解这四个概念方程可以得到这些假设的许多合乎逻辑的解释. 将这四个假设直接输入 “概念计算器”, “概念计算器” 将这些语句转换成概念方程后求解. 这里将对各个假设分别予以计算. 本文将对假设4 “物理规律属于惯性系A等于物理规律属于惯性系B” 的计算结果依次予以发布. 在将能被 “概念计算器” 所认识假设3的语句 “物理规律属于惯性系A等于物理规律属于惯性系B” 输入到概念计算器之后, 就可得到一系列合乎逻辑的结果. 第4个合乎逻辑的结果是:

“ “某类独立于惯性系A” 能从 ““这类属于物理规律” 和 “这类独立于惯性系B”“ 得到

代入这个解后, 我们得到下述概念表达式:

“ “某类独立于惯性系A” 能从 ““这类属于物理规律” 和 “这类独立于惯性系B”“ 得到 / (自然法则属于惯性系A等于自然法则属于惯性系B) = Dao

这个概念表达式可以读作

""某类独立于惯性系A" 能从 ""这类属于物理规律" 和 "这类独立于惯性系B"" 得到" 能从 "物理规律属于惯性系A等于物理规律属于惯性系B" 得到

又可读作:

如果 物理规律属于惯性系A等于物理规律属于惯性系B, 那末 "某类独立于惯性系A" 能从 ""这类属于物理规律" 和 "这类独立于惯性系B"" 得到

结果中的语句是由系统自动生成, 读起来不顺口. 读者能理解各概念之间的逻辑关系就可以了. 在结果中如果出现 “某类” 或 “这类”, 读者可按自己的理解代入实际概念.

参考文献:

<1> 吴士珑 “概念代数”

http://blog.tom.com/concept_algebra/article/3224.html

<2> 吴士珑 “逻辑思维自动机专利”

http://conceptalgebra.blog.sohu.com/63916856.html

--Law Free Method of Logic Reasoning

By Shilong Wu May 3, 2009

Any question could be discusses at Google Groups

http://groups.google.com/group/Concept-Algebra/

The manmade procedure may produce the risk in human life; it may be the logical relation is not considered completely. The logic thinking automation<1> (or concept calculator) that is designed based on the theory of concept algebra<2> will help people to consider the logic problems in their research area and make the people become more intelligence than.

Hypothesizes must be produced when people want to research some problem. The research results will be got according to the hypothesis. The researchers will be got more research results, if the background meanings of the hypothesis have been understood before their research. The hypothesis calculated by concept calculator will help the researchers to understand the meanings behind the hypothesis before their research. The Einstein’s four hypothesizes of relativity will be calculated by concept calculator at this serious articles. There are a lot of logical meanings produced.

The Einstein’s four hypothesizes of relativity is as follows:

The first hypothesis: the velocity of light is the same in all reference systems of inertia;

The second hypothesis: gravitate quality is same as inertia quality；

The third hypothesis: the natural laws in all reference systems of inertia are same；

The fourth hypothesis: the physics laws in all reference systems of inertia are same；

For calculating convenient on concept calculator, the explain of these four hypothesizes must be changed as follows::

Velocity of light belong to reference system of inertia A equals to velocity of light belong to reference system of inertia B

Gravitate quality equals to inertia quality

Natural law belong to reference system of inertia A equals to natural law belong to reference system of inertia B

Physics law belong to reference system of inertia A equals to physics law belong to reference system of inertia B

The all reference systems were replaced by two real reference systems. All of these sentences had been recognized by concept calculator. There are eight basic concepts in these four hypothesizes, they are “Velocity of light”, “reference system of inertia A”, “reference system of inertia B”, “Gravitate quality”, “Gravitate quality”, “inertia quality”, “Natural law” and “Physics law”. There are two connect verb in hypothesizes, they are “belong to” and “equals to”. These two connect verbs are the compound operation of concept algebra. “belong to” is replaced by the sign <; “equals to” is replaced by the sign =. So that these four sentences could be expressed as four concept expressions:

(velocity of light < reference system of inertia A) = (velocity of light < reference system of inertia B)

Gravitate quality = inertia quality

(Natural law < reference system of inertia A) = (Natural law < reference system of inertia B)

(Physics law < reference system of inertia A) = (Physics law < reference system of inertia B)

For getting the logical results from the expression, the concept equation must be established first.:

X / ((velocity of light < reference system of inertia A) = (velocity of light < reference system of inertia B)) = Dao

X / (Gravitate quality = inertia quality) = Dao

X / ((Natural law < reference system of inertia A) = (Natural law < reference system of inertia B)) = Dao

X / ((Physics law < reference system of inertia A) = (Physics law < reference system of inertia B)) = Dao

X is unknown variable; sign / is division operation sign on concept algebra, the meaning of this operation of “…could be got from …”; Dao is the only one constant on concept algebra.

There are a lot of logical explanations will be got after solving these concept equations. As the procedure discussed above, when the sentence input to the concept calculator the sentence will be transferred to the concept expressions and the concept equation established and solved, a lot of logical meanings will be got automated. The fourth hypothesis “natural law belong to reference system of inertia A equals to natural law belong to reference system of inertia B” will be inputted into the concept calculator, the logical results will be posted one by one. The fourth logical explanation is as follows:

““physics law does not relate to reference system of inertia A”  of any category” equals to ““physics law does not relate to reference system of inertia B”  of any category”

This logical explanation was replaced into the equation, gets following concept expression:

(““physics law does not relate to reference system of inertia A”  of any category” equals to ““physics law does not relate to reference system of inertia B”  of any category”) / (Gravitate quality equal to inertia quality) = Dao

This expression could be read as:

"""physics law does not relate to reference system of inertia A"  of any category" equals to ""physics law does not relate to reference system of inertia B"  of any category""  can be got from physics law belong to reference system of inertia A equals to physics law belong to reference system of inertia B

or read as:

If physics law belong to reference system of inertia A equals to physics law belong to reference system of inertia B, then “"physics law does not relate to reference system of inertia A"  of any category" equals to ""physics law does not relate to reference system of inertia B"  of any category"

The words in the result sentence are produced by logic thinking automation.

Reference :

<1> Shilong Wu “Pattern on automation of logic thinking”(in Chinese’s ) “逻辑思维自动机专利”

http://conceptalgebra.blog.sohu.com/63916856.html

<2> Shilong Wu “concept algebra”

http://blog.tom.com/concept_algebra/article/3360.html

--非逻辑定律推理法

吴士珑写于2009年5月2日

讨论问题请至Google论坛

http://groups.google.com/group/discussion-of-concept-algebra/topics

 或发送电子邮件至该论坛：discussion-of-concept-algebra@googlegroups.com

人类生活在大自然中, 必须按照自然规律行事. 不按自然规律, 必将被自然报复. 例如污染了环境, 人们不得不化力气去治理. 发生了金融危机, 人们才进行反思. 这些状况都可以归结为人类行为的逻辑缺失. 逻辑缺失是人们在行为发生之前对行为的结果缺少逻辑的全面考虑. 逻辑规律是自然规律的一种, 因此人类的行为必须合乎逻辑规律. 当人类发现 “概念代数”<1> 之后. 掌握了逻辑规律, 并且设计了 “逻辑思维自动机”<2>. 使人类避免不合逻辑的行为而变得更加聪明, 人类就有可能规避各种危机, 使人类生活更加和谐幸福.

人们在科学研究中都对研究对象做些基本假设. 研究人员依据这些基本假设可以得出符合这些基本假设的成果来. 如果人们能在开始研究之前对这些基本假设背后的逻辑含义用 “概念计算器” 来做计算, 定能帮助研究人员在研究过程中少走弯路. 本系列将对相对论的四个假设分别在 “概念计算器” 中予以计算, 从而得到对这些基本假设的一系列合乎逻辑的解释.

爱因斯坦的相对论有如下四个假设：

爱因斯坦第1假设：所有惯性参照系中的物理规律是相同的；

爱因斯坦第2假设：光在所有惯性系中速度相同；

爱因斯坦第3假设：引力质量和惯性质量是等同的；

爱因斯坦的第4假设：自然法则在所有的惯性参照系中是等同的

为了便于在概念计算器中计算, 我们将这四个假设重新改写成命题形式如下:

光在所有惯性系中速度是等同的

引力质量和惯性质量是等同的

自然法则在所有的惯性参照系中是等同的

所有惯性参照系中的物理规律是等同的

再将等同语句进行改写:

光在惯性系A中速度等于光在惯性系B中速度

引力质量等于惯性质量

在A惯性参照系中的自然法则等于在B惯性参照系中的自然法则

在A惯性参照系中的物理规律等于在B惯性参照系中的物理规律

这里, 我们将 “所有惯性参照系” 用两个不同惯性参照系来替代. 再将所有格语句进行改写: 例如将 “光在惯性系A中速度” 改写成 “光速属于惯性系A”.  使所陈述的语句能被 “概念计算器” 所认识::

光速属于惯性参照系A等于光速属于惯性参照系B

引力质量等于惯性质量

自然法则属于惯性参照系A等于自然法则属于惯性参照系B

物理规律属于惯性参照系A等于物理规律属于惯性参照系B

这样在这四个假设中有七个基本概念, 即 “光速”,  “惯性系A”,  “惯性系B”,  “引力质量”, “惯性质量”, “自然法则” 和 “物理规律”; 二种概念关系连接词, 即 “属于” 和  “等于”. 在概念代数学中, 这些表达概念之间关系的连接词是概念代数学中的复合运算符. “属于” 用符号 < 来表示;  “等于” 用符号 = 来表示. 于是我们可以将这四个假设转换成如下的概念表达式:

(光速 < 惯性系A)  =  (光速 < 惯性系B)

引力质量 = 惯性质量

(自然法则 < 惯性系A)  =  (自然法则 < 惯性系B)

(物理规律 < 惯性系A)  =  (物理规律 < 惯性系B)

为了从概念表达式求取合乎逻辑的结果, 首先建立如下概念方程:

X / ((光速 < 惯性系A)  =  (光速 < 惯性系B)) = Dao

X / (引力质量 = 惯性质量) = Dao

X / (( (自然法则 < 惯性系A)  =  (自然法则 < 惯性系B) )) = Dao

X / (( (物理规律 < 惯性系A)  =  (物理规律 < 惯性系B) )) = Dao

式中X是未知变量; 符号 / 是概念代数学中的除号, 其含义为 “…可从…得到”; Dao是概念代数学中的唯一常量.

求解这四个概念方程可以得到这些假设的许多合乎逻辑的解释. 将这四个假设直接输入 “概念计算器”, “概念计算器” 将这些语句转换成概念方程后求解. 这里将对各个假设分别予以计算. 本文将对假设4 “物理规律属于惯性系A等于物理规律属于惯性系B” 的计算结果依次予以发布. 在将能被 “概念计算器” 所认识假设3的语句 “物理规律属于惯性系A等于物理规律属于惯性系B” 输入到概念计算器之后, 就可得到一系列合乎逻辑的结果. 第3个合乎逻辑的结果是:

““某类独立于物理规律” 能从 ““惯性系A包含这类” 和 “这类独立于惯性系B”“ 得到

代入这个解后, 我们得到下述概念表达式:

““某类独立于物理规律” 能从 ““惯性系A包含这类” 和 “这类独立于惯性系B”“ 得到 / (自然法则属于惯性系A等于自然法则属于惯性系B) = Dao

这个概念表达式可以读作

""某类独立于物理规律" 能从 ""惯性系A包含这类" 和 "这类独立于惯性系B"" 得到" 能从 "物理规律属于惯性系A等于物理规律属于惯性系B" 得到

又可读作:

如果 物理规律属于惯性系A等于物理规律属于惯性系B, 那末 "某类独立于物理规律" 能从 ""惯性系A包含这类" 和 "这类独立于惯性系B"" 得到

结果中的语句是由系统自动生成, 读起来不顺口. 读者能理解各概念之间的逻辑关系就可以了. 在结果中如果出现 “某类” 或 “这类”, 读者可按自己的理解代入实际概念.

参考文献:

<1> 吴士珑 “概念代数”

http://blog.tom.com/concept_algebra/article/3224.html

<2> 吴士珑 “逻辑思维自动机专利”

http://conceptalgebra.blog.sohu.com/63916856.html

--Law Free Method of Logic Reasoning

By Shilong Wu May 1, 2009

Any question could be discusses at Google Groups

http://groups.google.com/group/Concept-Algebra/

The manmade procedure may produce the risk in human life; it may be the logical relation is not considered completely. The logic thinking automation<1> (or concept calculator) that is designed based on the theory of concept algebra<2> will help people to consider the logic problems in their research area and make the people become more intelligence than.

Hypothesizes must be produced when people want to research some problem. The research results will be got according to the hypothesis. The researchers will be got more research results, if the background meanings of the hypothesis have been understood before their research. The hypothesis calculated by concept calculator will help the researchers to understand the meanings behind the hypothesis before their research. The Einstein’s four hypothesizes of relativity will be calculated by concept calculator at this serious articles. There are a lot of logical meanings produced.

The Einstein’s four hypothesizes of relativity is as follows:

The first hypothesis: the velocity of light is the same in all reference systems of inertia;

The second hypothesis: gravitate quality is same as inertia quality；

The third hypothesis: the natural laws in all reference systems of inertia are same；

The fourth hypothesis: the physics laws in all reference systems of inertia are same；

For calculating convenient on concept calculator, the explain of these four hypothesizes must be changed as follows::

Velocity of light belong to reference system of inertia A equals to velocity of light belong to reference system of inertia B

Gravitate quality equals to inertia quality

Natural law belong to reference system of inertia A equals to natural law belong to reference system of inertia B

Physics law belong to reference system of inertia A equals to physics law belong to reference system of inertia B

The all reference systems were replaced by two real reference systems. All of these sentences had been recognized by concept calculator. There are eight basic concepts in these four hypothesizes, they are “Velocity of light”, “reference system of inertia A”, “reference system of inertia B”, “Gravitate quality”, “Gravitate quality”, “inertia quality”, “Natural law” and “Physics law”. There are two connect verb in hypothesizes, they are “belong to” and “equals to”. These two connect verbs are the compound operation of concept algebra. “belong to” is replaced by the sign <; “equals to” is replaced by the sign =. So that these four sentences could be expressed as four concept expressions:

(velocity of light < reference system of inertia A) = (velocity of light < reference system of inertia B)

Gravitate quality = inertia quality

(Natural law < reference system of inertia A) = (Natural law < reference system of inertia B)

(Physics law < reference system of inertia A) = (Physics law < reference system of inertia B)

For getting the logical results from the expression, the concept equation must be established first.:

X / ((velocity of light < reference system of inertia A) = (velocity of light < reference system of inertia B)) = Dao

X / (Gravitate quality = inertia quality) = Dao

X / ((Natural law < reference system of inertia A) = (Natural law < reference system of inertia B)) = Dao

X / ((Physics law < reference system of inertia A) = (Physics law < reference system of inertia B)) = Dao

X is unknown variable; sign / is division operation sign on concept algebra, the meaning of this operation of “…could be got from …”; Dao is the only one constant on concept algebra.

There are a lot of logical explanations will be got after solving these concept equations. As the procedure discussed above, when the sentence input to the concept calculator the sentence will be transferred to the concept expressions and the concept equation established and solved, a lot of logical meanings will be got automated. The fourth hypothesis “natural law belong to reference system of inertia A equals to natural law belong to reference system of inertia B” will be inputted into the concept calculator, the logical results will be posted one by one. The third logical explanation is as follows:

“any category could be got from  “physics law does not relate to reference system of inertia A”“ equals to “this category could be got from  “physics law does not relate to reference system of inertia B”“

This logical explanation was replaced into the equation, gets following concept expression:

(“any category could be got from  “physics law does not relate to reference system of inertia A”“ equals to “this category could be got from  “physics law does not relate to reference system of inertia B”“) / (Gravitate quality equal to inertia quality) = Dao

This expression could be read as:

""any category could be got from  "physics law does not relate to reference system of inertia A"" equals to "this category could be got from  "physics law does not relate to reference system of inertia B"""  can be got from physics law belong to reference system of inertia A equals to physics law belong to reference system of inertia B

or read as:

If physics law belong to reference system of inertia A equals to physics law belong to reference system of inertia B, then “any category could be got from  "physics law does not relate to reference system of inertia A"" equals to "this category could be got from  "physics law does not relate to reference system of inertia B""

The words in the result sentence are produced by logic thinking automation.

Reference :

<1> Shilong Wu “Pattern on automation of logic thinking”(in Chinese’s ) “逻辑思维自动机专利”

http://conceptalgebra.blog.sohu.com/63916856.html

<2> Shilong Wu “concept algebra”

http://blog.tom.com/concept_algebra/article/3360.html