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		<title><![CDATA[ 剑指十月48讲解 ]]></title>
		<link>http://blog.tom.com/transmate/article/3593.html</link>
		<description><![CDATA[ 译文：<br>
&nbsp;<br>
　<br>
&nbsp;Negative Effects of Competition in the Hi-tech Industry<br>
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&nbsp;&nbsp; In the market economy, the crucial factor for prosperity is fair competition. But if the competition spins out of control, the negative effects must not be overlooked.<br>
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&nbsp;&nbsp; In a highly competitive environment, the needs of the market usually give way to the need for competition. Hi-tech companies have to invest huge amounts of money into new projects. To avoid intellectual property rights infringements, they must repackage similar ideas and technologies. As a result, redundant products flood the f. market. Three who cannot grab a share of the market will suffer a. great losses.<br>
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&nbsp;&nbsp; To maintain their monopolies, some big companies create smoke screens to lure smell companies into developing the latest faddish products. These small companies often land themselves in deep trouble Those that are lucky get absorbed by bigger companies, while the unlucky ones go under.<br>
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&nbsp;&nbsp; A rational society should draw a line between legitimate profit making and exploitative profiteering，lest the likes of George Sores be hailed as the epitome Of human wisdom while rationality can’t find a foot hold. A state and its government play a crucial role on this issue. It is for this reason that I appreciate the anti-monopoly measures taken by the United States government against Microsoft<br>
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&nbsp;重点与难点：<br>
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&nbsp;1.过了头：过度，过分，spinout Of control，overreach，overshoot，to an excessive degree，without measure；我们庆祝圣诞节时总是做得很过火。We always spinout of control at Christmas．<br>
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&nbsp;2.让位于：give way to，give place to，make place for；当小女孩看到小丑时，破涕为笑。When she saw the clowns，the little girl’s tears gave way to 1aughter．<br>
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&nbsp;3.知识产权纠纷：理解为“侵犯知识产权”intellectual property rights infringements；版权侵犯copy right infringement；专利侵权patent infringement；侵犯商标权，商标冒用trade-mark infringement；违反合同infringement of contract<br>
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&nbsp;4.改头换面：change one’s appearance；“换汤不换药”a change inform but not in content<br>
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&nbsp;5.成堆：理解为“充斥”flood；in the past few decades foreign goods flooded the markets of the developing countries．过去的几十年中洋货充斥着发展中国家的市场。<br>
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&nbsp;6.假象：a smoke screen，a deceptive show<br>
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&nbsp;7.陷入困境：1and oneself in deep trouble ，be in hot water ，bog<br>
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&nbsp;8.索罗斯们：the likes of George Scare .the likes of：相似之人，相似之物，相同或类似的人或物；相同之物，对等物。我从没见过这样的事。我们将不会再见到他这类人物。I've never seen the likes of this before. We'll never see his like again.<br>
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&nbsp;9.立足之地：find a foothold演员要得到立足之地不容易。It isn't easy to find a foothold as an actor.<br>
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&nbsp;翻译方法与技巧：<br>
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&nbsp;1.高科技：“高科技”是抽象名词，文中谈论的是高科技公司间的竞争，也就是高科技产业界的竞争，故译为hi-tech industry.<br>
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&nbsp;2.市场经济下的公平竞争是促进经济繁荣的重要因素：需要重新安排句子，把定语“市场经济下的”改为状语，改变句子主语，把“促进经济繁荣”动词短语改为介词短语，使译文简练明了。<br>
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&nbsp;3.在剧烈竞争下：要把抽象名词“竞争”实意化，译为competitive environment,使译文意义明确。<br>
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&nbsp;4.改头换面，换汤不换药：这两个短语共同修饰“技术和产品”。需要意译，否则辞不达意而且冗长。<br>
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&nbsp;5.还得……成堆：要译文反映这几个句子之间的逻辑关系就要重新组合各句，理顺其间的关系．使译文符合英语的表达方式。<br>
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&nbsp;6.小公司往往被误导而争先恐后地去跟风：“跟风”follow suit;“净先恐后”：strive to be the first, vie with each other.由于“争先恐后”的意思隐含在“跟风”里，故而不译；根据上下文意译“跟风”。<br>
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&nbsp;7.否则，索罗斯们的伎俩反而会被尊为最高智慧：为符合英语的表达习惯，以“索罗斯们”为主语，减词“伎俩”，加词"epitome"，使之成为地道的英语。Epitome：范例，缩影集中体现，例如：He is the epitome of goodness.他是善良的典范。<br>
&nbsp;<br> ]]></description>
		<eb:creationDate>2009-05-15 08:54:49</eb:creationDate>
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		<title><![CDATA[ 剑指十月47讲解 ]]></title>
		<link>http://blog.tom.com/transmate/article/3592.html</link>
		<description><![CDATA[ 译文：<br>
&nbsp;<br>
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&nbsp;Cultivating an Environment for Creative Thinking<br>
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&nbsp;&nbsp; Curative thinking has become an objective of our education system. To realize the objective of creative thinking, a few steps should be considered：<br>
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&nbsp;&nbsp; 1.An environment for creative thinking has to be cultivated. A person can only develop his potentials and demonstrate creativity without intervention.<br>
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&nbsp;&nbsp; 2.We should understand that the current examination system only tests a person on the progress of his learning but not his genuine intelligence and ability. In the system in which one studies mainly with the examination results as an end one can not cultivate his own thinking power nor the ability to organize and work..<br>
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&nbsp;&nbsp; 3.Do not pursue hi-tech blindly. Talented elite would research into linguistics, writing, history, communications and sociology. They use technology to promote human civilization, instead of abusing technology and hindering the development of humans' thoughts.<br>
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&nbsp;&nbsp; 4.Creative thinking should be supported by moral and cultural values. If one does not reflect, one is merely an unscrupulous person who stresses efficiency and competes only for the sake of competing. That will only bring about more social problems.<br>
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&nbsp;重点与难点：<br>
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&nbsp;1.创意思维：即有独创的或创造力的思维：creative thinking<br>
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&nbsp;2.发展目标：目标就是发展的目标，“发展”不用译。<br>
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&nbsp;3.发挥潜能：develop one’s potentials;他工作上的潜能还没有发挥出来。He has not developed his potentials on the work..<br>
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&nbsp;4.智能intelligence and ability;发挥你的聪明才智，你一定能取得成就。Use your intelligence and ability, and you’re sure to achieve something.<br>
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&nbsp;5.学习程度：表示“学习进展”，“学习进程”：progress of one’s learning。<br>
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&nbsp;6.会考成绩：examination results<br>
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&nbsp;7.以......为目的：with… as an end；以此为目的，就会为达目的不择手段。With this as an end, the end will justify the means.<br>
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&nbsp;8.精英人才talented elite，elite<br>
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&nbsp;9.为竞争而竞争compete for the sake of competing;他为了争论而争论。He argues for the sake of arguing<br>
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&nbsp;翻译方法与技巧：<br>
&nbsp;<br>
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&nbsp;1.培养创意思维环境：用介词短语for creative thinking作修饰语，利用英语多介词短语的特点体现出“培养创意思维环境”短语内各词组的关系，简练通顺。<br>
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&nbsp;2.教育：“教育”是个泛泛的概念，这里实指教育单位、教育部门或教育系统。<br>
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&nbsp;3.“创意思维”是不能“落实”的，需要增词，用明快的不定式短语“to realize the objective of creative thinking"，而非一个被动语态的条件从句"if the objective of creative thinking is to be realized",<br>
&nbsp;<br>
　<br>
&nbsp;4.人的创意……发挥潜能：这样的主谓搭配在汉语中可以，但在英译文中要调整主语，<br>
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&nbsp;5.思考能力、组织能力或办事能力：本句用了三次“能力”但是“思考能力”用thinking power更符合原意。<br>
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&nbsp;6.读书……为目的：本句的主谓搭配需要在翻译时做调整。读书……，不能……办事能力：“不能”承前省略了的主语“卖书”，要做调整。实际的意义应是“以会考成绩为目的的读书”即“考试制度”。<br>
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&nbsp;7.不要……发展：用"instead of"以避免段首用过的"do not"，同时使译文顺畅。<br>
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&nbsp;8.可以把创道德观念，文化价值，合二为一，译为“moral and cultural values”。<br>
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&nbsp;9.如果你……竞争前边译文中用了“we”，“one”等人称，这里的人称要与前文一致。<br>
&nbsp;<br> ]]></description>
		<eb:creationDate>2009-05-15 08:53:31</eb:creationDate>
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		<title><![CDATA[ 剑指十月46讲解 ]]></title>
		<link>http://blog.tom.com/transmate/article/3591.html</link>
		<description><![CDATA[ &nbsp;译文：<br>
&nbsp;<br>
　<br>
&nbsp;纽约如何成为美国最大的城市<br>
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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 在18世纪，纽约比费城和玻士顿小。如今它是美国最大的城市怎样能够解释它在规模和重要性上所发生的变化呢？<br>
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&nbsp;要回答这个问题，我们必须考虑有关地理、历史和经济方面的某些实情。结合这三者来考虑，就可以说明美国这座最著名城市飞速发展的原因。<br>
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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 经济学家都知道，交通线汇集的地方是把原材料加工成制成品的理想场所。这就是为什么海港附近往往会有城市。但像纽约这样的城市要想成为大工业中心，重要的不仅仅是良好的地理位置。它们的发展并不仅凭机遇。<br>
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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 大约在1815年．有很多住在东海岸的美国人已经向西迁移，从港口通住美国中心地区的贸易路线开始成为一个严重的问题。那时靠马或牛拉的运货车速度很慢，将重裁的货物运到很远的地方费用过高。美国人早就羡慕欧洲的那些运河。在纽约州．运河似乎是解决运输问题的最好办法。从伊利湖东端穿过整个纽约州到哈德逊河，有一条低洼的狭长地带。就在这里开凿了伊利运河。经过几年的建设，它终于在1825年竣工。<br>
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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 这条运河立即发挥了作用。原比费城和波士顿小的纽约市很快成为沿海第一城。在以后的几年里，五大湖上的航线同密西西比河上的水路联接起来了。这时这个庞大的内陆航运系统从大西洋一直延伸到密西西比河西部的各个支流，纽约市成为这个庞大内陆航运系统的终点。<br>
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&nbsp;重点与难点：<br>
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&nbsp;1.transportation lines：交通路线；Passengers，not allowed to cross the lines：不允许旅客跨越铁路线。<br>
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&nbsp;2.meet：与……相接，与……交叉，汇合;The two roads meet just north of the city.两条马路就在城市的北面汇合。<br>
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&nbsp;3.trade route：贸易路线;This bus route covers a large number这路公共汽车行经许多街道。<br>
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&nbsp;4.slow wagon：速度慢的运货车<br>
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&nbsp;5.heavy freight：重载的货物<br>
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&nbsp;6.along strip：狭长地带<br>
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&nbsp;7.construct：建设，开凿；It took about two years to construct the tunnel.开凿这条隧道花了大约两年时间。<br>
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&nbsp;8.extend：延伸；My garden extends as far as the river.我的园子一直延伸到河边。<br>
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&nbsp;9.the end point：终点<br>
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&nbsp;翻译方法与技巧：<br>
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&nbsp;1.flow can the change in its size and importance be explained：本句是一个被动语态的疑问句。英语常使用被动语态，而汉译文用主动语态，以便符合汉语表达习惯。<br>
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&nbsp;2.together these three…：这个短语是这句的主语。要使译文语义明确通顺，符合汉语的习惯，就要增词，译为“结合这三者来考虑气”<br>
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&nbsp;3.nearby是副词，放在所修饰的名词之后。汉译时要改变词序才符合汉语习惯。<br>
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&nbsp;4.needed more than their geographical location...：需要的不仅仅是良好的地理位置，译文中增加形容词，“良好的”，增强译文的逻辑性，使译文意思明确。<br>
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&nbsp;5.Their development did not happen simply by chance：它们的发展并不仅凭机遇，如果把happen直译成“发生”，语义不通。改译后，意思明晰，话语通顺。<br>
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&nbsp;6.The slow wagons of that time, drawn by horses or oxen，were too expensive for moving heavy freight very far:此句须重新布局。将修饰wagons的定语slow转为谓语，明确与下一句的逻辑关系。<br>
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&nbsp;7.a canal seemed the best solution：句中的solution是名词，在译文中用改变词性方法它转译成动词，符合汉语习惯solution在此表示“解决办法”<br>
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&nbsp;8.After several years of work：work在这里指前文提到的运河建设，译成“建设”要比“工作”更贴切。要根据上下文来确定某个单词的真正含义。<br>
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&nbsp;9.In the，eats that followed: "that followed"是定语，修饰in the years,汉译时应将定语前置， 译为“在以后的几年里”。<br>
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&nbsp;10.Then New York City became the end point of a great inland shipping system that extended front, the Atlantic Ocean for the western branches of the Mississippi：本句较长，须拆译，并要顺倒次序。分为两个意群。A.这个庞大的内陆航运系统从大西洋一直延伸到密西西比河西部的各个支流；B.纽约市成为这个庞大内陆航运系统的终点。<br>
&nbsp;<br> ]]></description>
		<eb:creationDate>2009-05-15 08:52:12</eb:creationDate>
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		<title><![CDATA[ 剑指十月45讲解 ]]></title>
		<link>http://blog.tom.com/transmate/article/3590.html</link>
		<description><![CDATA[ 译文：<br>
&nbsp;<br>
　<br>
&nbsp;中国传真周报<br>
&nbsp;<br>
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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 美国在星期三公布了一份价值30亿美元的从中国进口商品的清单，如果中国在6月17日之前就盗版问题不能做出让步的话，这些商品将被征收百分之百的关税。这份清单主要是针对纺织品（价值20亿美元）。这表明本届政府在推举国会中重要的共和党人物如杰西·君尔姆斯参议员的过程中所做出的政治努力。白宫表明在同中国发生贸易摩擦中它正在维护本国利益。这份清单其余部分包括价位五亿美元的电子产品和价位五亿美元的消费品。<br>
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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 美国新任贸易代表查理尼·巴合夫斯墓因同中国人打交道不手软而在华盛顿受到好评。但是白宫的策略依然是在国会就延长中国的最惠国待遇投票之后避免同中国发生贸易战。克林顿总统在一次讲话中说他将尽力争取延长中国的最惠国待遇，但他同样决心“采取有力行动来努力保护美国电脑软件设计师的劳动成果”。<br>
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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 中国很快拿出了自己的报复清单，威胁将对进口的美国商品征收百分之百的关税。清单包括大客车、农牧产品、动植物油、电讯设备、烟草和卷烟及胶卷。外交部发言人警告说对抗“绝对不会有任何结果”并呼吁华盛顿“收回关于知识产权的错误决定以修复对中美关系造成的损害”。美国外交官告诉路透社如果贸易战爆发美国将失去价值15亿美元的对华农产品出口额，但是如果制裁生效的话，中国要冒更大的风险——根据所有的政治推断，这是不可能发生的事。<br>
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&nbsp;重点与难点：<br>
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&nbsp;1.copyright piracy：盗版；The agency tries to halt piracy of copyrighted recordings.这个代理机构试图阻止盗版录音带。<br>
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&nbsp;2.was heavily weighted（＄2 billion） toward textiles：主要是针对纺织品（价值20亿美元）weight注重，加重量<br>
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&nbsp;3.home state interests：本国利益；the home office of an international firm国际公司的国内办事处;the home country本国的,They sell mainly to the home market他们主要向国内市场销售。<br>
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&nbsp;4.most favored nation （MFN）：最惠国<br>
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&nbsp;5.buses：大客车，不要译成“公共汽车”，用于公交才称为“公共汽车”。<br>
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&nbsp;6. reverse its wrongful decision：收回错误决定，取消错误决定<br>
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&nbsp;7.intellectual property right：知识产权<br>
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&nbsp;8.if sanctions go forward：如果制裁生效的话（不是“继续制裁”，因制裁尚未开始）。<br>
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&nbsp;翻译方法与技巧：<br>
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&nbsp;1.The US on Wednesday……：第一句太长，须拆译。分成三个意群A.美国在星期三公布了一份从中国进口商品的清单，B.这些商品将被征收百分之百的关税，C.如果中国在6月17日之前就盗版问题不能做出让步的话。重新排序A-C B.<br>
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&nbsp;2.The list. was ... with China:这一句更长必须拆译。根据句内的逻辑关系，拆分成三句。<br>
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　<br>
&nbsp;3.．．．rounded out the list.．："round out"表示完成，成功，圆满结束等意思，按字面译意思不明朗，不如换个说法。<br>
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　<br>
&nbsp;4.The new US Trade Representative:美国新任贸易代表。定语顺序要颠倒，汉语中表示范围的定语要靠前。<br>
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		<eb:creationDate>2009-05-15 08:49:53</eb:creationDate>
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		<title><![CDATA[ 译友——以译会友（2） ]]></title>
		<link>http://blog.tom.com/transmate/article/3445.html</link>
		<description><![CDATA[ <p><br>
&nbsp;</p>
<div for="" and="" a="" is="" the="" of="" with="" has="" ocean="" cruise="" up-market="" an="" amenities="" all="" mind="" body="" relaxing="" ways="" traditional="" thai="" combining="" cruises.="" spa="" emerged:="" concept="" new="" recently="" gateways="" asian="" major="" one="" also=""><br>
<div and="" is="" to="" with="" blessed="" an="" relaxation.="" total="" suited="" perfectly="" ambiance="" enchanting="" create="" which="" architecture="" chinese-influenced="" portuguese="" indo="" turn-of="" delightful="" waterfalls="" lovely="" forested="" lushly="" superb="" comfortable="" hospitable="" sincerely="" island-dotted="" sparkling="" white="" fringed="" palm-="" coves="" magnificent=""><br>
<div for="" and="" a="" truly="" is="" phuket="" on="" of="" to="" beach="" are="" with="" spectacular="" many="" major="" also="" comfortable="" accommodation.="" inexpensive="" relatively="" offer="" beaches="" hills="" coastal="" palm="" nipa="" rattan="" built="" other="native-style'" yet="" beaches.="" popular="" most="" complexes="" bungalow="" cabin="" do="" as="" air-conditioned="" views="" hotels="" resort="" first-class="" town.="" within="" available="" economy-class="" clubs.="" own="" their="" transport="" complimentary="" town="" located="" holiday.="" memorable="" necessary="" everything="" possessing="" international="">　　Phuket, Thailand, is commonly referred to as the ‘Pearl of South’ and is the largest island in Thailand. Phuket Island runs 48 kilometers (34 miles) north to south and 21 kilometers (16 miles) east to west. Phuket is broken by a chain of mountains and valleys mainly from a north-south range running down the west coast. This accounts for about 70% of the land area. The tallest peak, Mai Tao Sip Song (12 Cane Peak) is 529 meters. The other 30% of the island is flat land located mainly in the central and eastern portions of the island. Laying in the Andaman Sea off southern Thailand’s west coast, the island’s terrain is incredibly varied, with rocky headlands, long broad sandy beaches, limestone cliffs, forested hills, small estuaries, lagoons, and tropical vegetation of all kinds. Its large size has allowed microclimates to develop in different areas of the island.<br>
　　The island offers many different looks and feels for you to discover and enjoy. Kata Beach with its spectacular tropical scenery compared with the stately cassurina trees that are found on Nai Yang Beach just a few kilometers north. The triple canopy rainforest of Khao Phra Thaeo National Park to the mud flats and mangrove swamps of Koh Siray. Limestone outcroppings line the east coast and solid granite boulders on the west. Phuket is truly a tropical wonderland and offers something for just about everyone.<br>
　　Phuket is Thailand's largest island and nestles against the Indian Ocean Coast some 870 kilometers south of Bangkok. Phuket derives its wealth from tin and rubber, is blessed with teeming marine life, and has enjoyed a rich and colorful history.<br>
　　Phuket is also one of the major Asian gateways for ocean cruises. Recently a new concept has emerged: Spa Cruises. Combining Thai traditional ways of relaxing the body and mind with all amenities of an up-market cruise<br>
　　Phuket is blessed with magnificent coves and bays, powdery, palm- fringed white beaches, sparkling island-dotted seas, sincerely hospitable people, comfortable accommodation, superb seafood, lushly forested mountains, lovely waterfalls and parks, and delightful turn-of -the-century Indo / Portuguese and Chinese-influenced architecture which create an enchanting ambiance perfectly suited to total relaxation.<br>
　　Indeed, Phuket is a major resort of international stature, possessing everything necessary for a truly memorable holiday. First-class hotels located within town offer complimentary transport to their own beach clubs. Economy-class hotels are also available within town. First-class resort hotels with spectacular views offer air-conditioned accommodation, as do many cabin and bungalow complexes on Phuket's most popular beaches. Yet other 'native-style' complexes, built of bamboo, rattan and Nipa palm thatch, Phuket's coastal hills and beaches to offer comfortable and relatively inexpensive accommodation.<br>
　　Phuket's glory is its magnificent coastline. Beaches range from gentle crescents of white sand with calm waters to rocky headlands pounded by raging surf. Secluded coves lie hidden among densely forested headlands tumbling around white beaches. In several such places, visitors can feel years away from civilization. Phuket's Indian Ocean coastline boasts the finest beaches while the eastern coastline overlooks some 30 lesser islands occupying largely tranquil seas. Islands vary greatly size, some are large enough to sustain fishing communities, coconut plantations, deer and wild boar. Others are little larger than massive rocks. Others again resemble fortresses, are riddled with caves containing the birds' nests prized by gourmets.<br>
　　Phuket's nightlife is sedate (compared with Hat Yai, Pattaya or Bangkok) and is concentrated largely in the town center and Patong Beach in restaurants, bars (many featuring video entertainment), massage parlors, nightclubs and discotheques.<br>
<br>
<div and="" is="" the="" of="" to="" are="" with="" its="" from="" some="" ocean="" indian="" forested="" white="" coves="" magnificent="" beaches="" beaches.="" gourmets.="" by="" prized="" nests="" containing="" caves="" riddled="" resemble="" again="" others="" rocks.="" massive="" than="" larger="" little="" boar.="" wild="" deer="" coconut="" fishing="" sustain="" enough="" large="" greatly="" vary="" islands="" seas.="" tranquil="" largely="" occupying="" lesser="" overlooks="" coastline="" eastern="" while="" finest="" boasts="" civilization.="" away="" years="" feel="" can="" visitors="" such="" several="" in="" around="" tumbling="" headlands="" densely="" among="" hidden="" lie="" secluded="" surf.="" raging="" pounded="" rocky="" waters="" calm="" sand="" crescents="" gentle="" range="" coastline.="" glory=""><br>
<div and="" is="" the="" beach="" with="" town="" largely="" in="" discotheques.="" nightclubs="" massage="" video="" featuring="" bars="" patong="" center="" concentrated="" or="" pattaya="" hat="" sedate="" nightlife=""><br>
<a title=" 译友——以译会友（1） " href="http://blog.tom.com/transmate/article/3256.html" target="_blank"></a></div>
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		<eb:creationDate>2009-03-26 08:29:42</eb:creationDate>
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		<title><![CDATA[ 翻译实战第五讲 ]]></title>
		<link>http://blog.tom.com/transmate/article/3263.html</link>
		<description><![CDATA[ <p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Since it first coordinated humanitarian relief operations in Europe following the Second World War, the United Nations has been relied on by the international community to respond to natural and man-made disasters that are beyond the capacity of national authorities alone. Today, the UN is a major provider of emergency relief and longer-term assistance, a catalyst for action by governments and relief agencies, and an advocate on behalf of people struck by emergencies. In the last decade, civil wars have become a central cause of emergency situations. In 2002 alone, millions were uprooted from their homes by war. Natural disasters-floods, droughts, storms and earthquakes-killed more than 50,000 people and caused economic losses exceeding $90 billion in 1998. More than 90 percent of all disaster victims live in developing countries-a striking indicator of the degree to which poverty, population pressures and environmental degradation exacerbate suffering and destruction.</font></span></p> ]]></description>
		<eb:creationDate>2009-03-09 20:49:43</eb:creationDate>
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		<title><![CDATA[ 译友——以译会友（1） ]]></title>
		<link>http://blog.tom.com/transmate/article/3256.html</link>
		<description><![CDATA[ <p><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Arial Narrow&quot;;" lang="EN-US">At the Root Lies Love</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;"><br></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Arial Narrow&quot;;" lang="EN-US">February 14 is Valentine's Day, a festival recognized the world over by lovers. Recentyears have seen more and more young Chinese begin to celebrate this festivaland more people begin to reassess their love and marriage through this romanticoccasion.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;"><br></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Arial Narrow&quot;;" lang="EN-US">Apart from flowers, chocolate and candlelit dinners, getting married on Valentine'sDay has also become a special way to celebrate this festival. Statistics frommarriage registration departments all over the country show record numbers ofmarriage registrations on the past February 14. Beijing saw 2,689 new couples registered, anincrease of 2,000 over the year earlier period. The number in Shanghai was 2,662, an increase of one thirdcompared with the previous Valentine's Day.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;"><br></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Arial Narrow&quot;;" lang="EN-US">Family has always been the most important thing in the heart of Chinese people. As anold Chinese saying goes, "All shall be well, and Jack shall haveJill." For the Chinese, marriage should be the most perfect love and thebest marriage is the kind that connects the couple till they die.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;"><br></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Arial Narrow&quot;;" lang="EN-US">Three decades of reform and opening up have changed many Chinese people's concept oflove and marriage. The nation's tradition demands that young people listen totheir parents and matchmakers in choosing their future spouses, but nowadayspeople increasingly tend to choose their partners for themselves. DINK (doubleincome, no kids) families, divorce, remarriage and even cohabitation are nolonger strange and easily accepted. The rapid technological development alsoenriches ways people can choose to find their other half. Online dating is now anotheroption and more people get married through Internet romance.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;"><br></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Arial Narrow&quot;;" lang="EN-US">Although people enjoy the right to choose whatever lifestyles they like, marriage andfamily are still the preferred choice of most Chinese. In many places aroundthe country, parents still feel worried for their single children who havereached marriage age. As a result, these parents turn to matchmaking fairs onbehalf of their children on the Valentine's Day. In Nanning,capital city of southwest China'sGuangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, a large matchmaking fair on February 14attracted more than 10,000 people, mostly parents who were eager to findsuitable partners for their children.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;"><br></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Arial Narrow&quot;;" lang="EN-US">On the other hand, rapid economic growth in recent years further opened the mindsof Chinese and as a result, families are no longer as stable as they used tobe. According to media reports, apart from flower and chocolate sellers,private detectives also made a good profit on the Valentine's Day. This is anemerging business in China.Some people do not worry about how much they needed to pay the detectives. Allthey want to know is if their partners are cheating on them with someone else.It seems that even on the day of love, there is doubt and relationships stillneed strong ties to keep them stable.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;"><br></span></p> ]]></description>
		<eb:creationDate>2009-03-05 11:32:06</eb:creationDate>
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		<title><![CDATA[ 周末提升班课后汉英练习（三） ]]></title>
		<link>http://blog.tom.com/transmate/article/3253.html</link>
		<description><![CDATA[ <p><span lang="EN-US">1.</span> <span style="font-family: 宋体;">希腊被说成是西方文明的发源地，因为古代希腊有过高度发达的文化，而且许多文明思想和新发现，都是由希腊传遍全欧洲的。</span></p>
<p><span lang="EN-US">2.</span> <span style="font-family: 宋体;">哥伦布曾一共四次航行到美洲，并且一度到达过南美洲的北岸，但是他始终没有意识到发现了一块新大陆，而一直以为这块土地就是印度。</span></p>
<p><span lang="EN-US">3.</span> <span style="font-family: 宋体;">历史记载表明，到</span><span lang="EN-US">16</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">世纪时，中国人已经发明了纸，并且传入了欧洲，使欧洲人大感惊奇。</span></p>
<p><span lang="EN-US">4.</span> <span style="font-family: 宋体;">“园中之园”的圆明园，其建设与修复曾延续</span><span lang="EN-US">150</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">年，经历清朝的五代皇帝。</span><span lang="EN-US">1860</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">年，在第二次鸦片战争期间，曾被英法军队烧成平地；而到</span><span lang="EN-US">1900</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">年，则更进一步为八国联军所毁。</span></p>
<p><span lang="EN-US">5.</span> <span style="font-family: 宋体;">在华南，春天和初夏是多雨季节，有许多日子会见到倾盆大雨，或者是跟随这台风而来的暴雨。</span></p>
<p><span lang="EN-US">6.</span> <span style="font-family: 宋体;">由于我们将要参加在下个月</span><span lang="EN-US">14</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">日到</span><span lang="EN-US">18</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">日在新加坡举行的会议，如果你们能介绍一些有关该会议的详细情况，我们将十分感激。</span></p>
<p><span lang="EN-US">7.</span> <span style="font-family: 宋体;">我现在寄去来函所说的文件，一式两份。收到后，请你务必核对一下内容，并把结果尽快用电子邮件通知我，</span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="mailto:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E9%82%AE%E4%BB%B6%E5%9C%B0%E5%9D%80%E6%98%AFwupin@hotmail.com"><span style="font-family: 宋体;" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">我的电子邮件地址是</span></span>wupin@hotmail.com</a>.</span></p>
<p><span lang="EN-US">8.</span> <span style="font-family: 宋体;">吃的太多，并不会使人更健康；想反，吃得太多，尤其是吃含脂肪多的食物，会对人体的健康有害。因此，节食是可取的。</span></p>
<p><span lang="EN-US">9.</span> <span style="font-family: 宋体;">像麦当劳肯德基这样的快餐店，目前在中国像雨后春笋般发展起来；中国的传统快餐，像包子、饺子，能不能改进一下，与外国的产品竞争？</span></p>
<p><span lang="EN-US">10</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">．像许多西方人那样经常不吃早餐，并不是聪明的做法。我们中国人说：早餐要饱，午餐要好，晚餐要少，这从科学上来说无疑是正确的。</span></p> ]]></description>
		<eb:creationDate>2009-03-04 14:28:28</eb:creationDate>
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		<title><![CDATA[ 现代汉语基础语法知识(三) ]]></title>
		<link>http://blog.tom.com/transmate/article/3251.html</link>
		<description><![CDATA[ <p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">二、汉语语法和外语语法</span></b></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">现在大家都在学习外语，一般都是学习英语。汉语语法和英语语法的区别相当大，学习汉语语法的时候，千万不要用英语语法来套汉语语法。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">凡是事物都有一致的地方。汉语语法和英语语法都是事物，当然也有一致性。比如说，汉语有名词、动词、形容词，人家英语也有。你会说</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">学生们热爱伟大的祖国</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，人家就会说</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"pupils love great motherland"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，一句话里面三种词都出现了。汉语里头有主语、谓语、宾语这些玩意儿，英语里头也有。上面那句话，</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">学生们</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是主语，英语的主语是</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">pupils</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">；汉语的谓语是</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">热爱</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，英语的谓语也是</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">love</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">；汉语的宾语是</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">祖国</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，英语的宾语也是</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">motherland</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">；汉语的定语是</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">伟大</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，英语的定语也是</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">great</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。你看，都一样，用英语语法来分析汉语难道不可以吗？</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">碰到两种语言一致的地方，当然凑合。为什么不说是</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">可以</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">而说</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">凑合</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">呢？因为严格说来，是不可以的。人家的主语、谓语等等，同汉语的主语、谓语等等都不完全一样。就拿前边提到过的</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">he works</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">来说吧，人家的主语</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">he</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">同谓语</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">works</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在人称、数方面必须一致，汉语有这些名堂吗？没有。汉语的主语同英语的主语不是一码事，汉语的谓语跟英语的谓语也很不相同，所以严格说来，碰到了一致的地方，是不可以用一种语言的语法知识去分析另一种语言的语法结构的。说</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">凑合</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，是因为大体一致，把那些不同的地方扔掉不管，用这种语言的语法去说明那种语言的语法，也只能说是凑合着用吧。</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">而碰到两种语言不一致的地方，那就决不能用这种语言的语法去套那种语言的语法，连凑合都不可能。大家平时在课堂里学习，英语语法讲得多，汉语语法讲得少，同学们对英语语法知识更为熟悉，对汉语语法知识反倒生疏。一用语法知识去分析问题，就很容易用英语语法知识去分析汉语的句子。比如英语里有</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">a pioneer 's red scarf</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（一个少先队员的红领巾），人家的</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">a</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是冠词，汉语里有冠词吗？没有，谁要是把汉语的</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一个</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">说成是冠词，岂不让人笑掉大牙？英语里没有量词，谁要是把</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">a cup of water</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（一杯水）的</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">cup</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，把</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">a piece of news</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（一条消息）的</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">piece</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">说成是量词，老外们也决不会认帐，那个</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">a</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">就说明它们是名词。这说明，用这种语言的语法知识去分析另一种语言的语法，是要碰钉子的。所以学习汉语语法，一定要注意同英语语法的区别。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">第一，在词类方面不一样。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">汉语的名词里头有方位词，如</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">里、内、外、上、下、前、后、左、右、中</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">等，其中的几个在英语里溶入了介词，如</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">in</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">on</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">behind</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，有的成了形容词，如</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">inner</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">outer</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">outside</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">middle</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。因此，见到了汉语的方位词，就不能说它们是介词或形容词。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">汉语的许多动词后面能够加</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">着、了、过</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，于是有的同学便认为</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">着</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是现在时，</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">了、过</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">表示过去时，这就是照套的结果。汉语的</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">着、了、过</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">可不是表示</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">时态</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的，因为用了</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">着、了、过</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，既可以表示现在、过去的事情，也可以表示将来的事情。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">他昨天吃着饭还看书呢</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，如果说这</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">着</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">过去时</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">他明天看着电影还会想到我的</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，如果说这个</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">着</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">又是</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">将来时</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，那汉语里还有什么时态呢？</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">他明天吃了饭到我家来</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">""</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">他后天吃过饭到我家来</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，这</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">了、过</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">过去时</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">吗？显然不是。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">人家的形容词也跟咱们的不一样。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">political study</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（政治学习）、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">American films</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（美国电影）、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">brown overcoat</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（棕色大衣），</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">政治、美国、棕色</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在人家那里是形容词，咱们可不能把汉语的</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">政治、美国、棕色</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">当作形容词看待，它们在汉语里都是名词。一些同学老是把</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">中国人民</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">中国</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，把</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">经济形势</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">经济</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">当作形容词，就是这么造成的。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">汉语里的许多形容词可以做状语，如</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">勤奋学习</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">""</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">认真工作</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">""</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">严厉批评</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">勤奋、认真、严厉</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">都是做状语的形容词。英语的形容词绝对同状语无缘。例如</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">hard study</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（勤奋学习）、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">work seriouly</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（认真工作）、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">criticise severely</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（严厉批评），人家的</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"hard</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">seriouly</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">severely"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">都是副词，咱们就不能跟着人家把</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">勤奋、认真、严厉</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">说成副词了。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">词类方面还有许多差别，这里只能举一些例子。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">第二，在句子成分方面不一样</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">汉语里有主语、谓语、宾语、补语、定语、状语，六大句子成分。英语里缺个补语。汉语用补语表示的意思，英语把它放到状语里去了。英语里面有个表语，汉语把它放到宾语里头去了。所以，两种语言的句子成分都是六个。我们见到</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">他在这儿逗留了三个小时</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">he stayed here three hours</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">），就不能把</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">三个小时</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">当作状语了，因为它在汉语里是补语。见到了</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">他是学生</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">he is a pupil</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）就不能说</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">学生</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是表语，而应当说它是宾语。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">汉语的主语和英语的主语有许多不一样的地方。英语里有用句首引导词</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">there</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">和用</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">it</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">做主语的句子，汉语里可没有。如</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">there is a picture on the wall</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（墙上有一幅画）、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">it is raining</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（下着雨呢）。这当然不会导致我们按英语语法去分析汉语。成问题的是，汉语里的某些主语，在英语里是宾语或者定语。如</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这几件新衣服他想要</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，按汉语语法来分析，</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这几件衣服</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是主语，可是在英语里只能说成</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">he wants some new dresses</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"some new dresses"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">非做宾语不可</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">.</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，除非用被动式。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">两种语言的宾语也不一样。在汉语里，有</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一匹马骑两个人</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">""</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一张床睡两个人</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">""</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一间屋子住两个人</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">""</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一锅饭吃十个人</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这一类的句子，</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">人</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是宾语。到了英语里，</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">人</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">非做主语不可。碰到这种情况，就不能跟着人家说</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">人</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是主语了。当然，这几句可以说成</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">两个人骑一匹马</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">""</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">两个人睡一张床</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">""</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">两个人住一间屋子</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">""</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">十个人吃一锅饭</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，这就跟英语相像了。汉语的一部分主语和宾语可以围着谓语转圈。更有意思的是</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">老头晒太阳</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">和</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">太阳晒老头</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">意思差不多，</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">冰雪覆盖着大地</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">和</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">大地覆盖着冰雪</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">意思几乎一样，谁在动词前头谁就是主语，谁在动词后头谁就是宾语。英语里很难有这样的用法，除非是用被动式。汉语的某些主语和某些宾语可以倒过来，倒过去，十分灵活，我们就不要跟着英语语法把放在汉语动词前头的受动者当作汉语的宾语了，而应当把它们当作主语；也不能跟着英语语法把放在汉语动词后面的主动者当作主语，而应当看成宾语。汉语的主语、宾语是由位置决定的。</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">其他的句子成分也有很多不一样的地方。汉语里有把字句，如</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">他把书包拿走了</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">把书包</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">要分析为状语。英语里根本就没有把字句，英语的</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">书包</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">schoolbag</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）在这句话的译文当中只能做宾语。英语的定语、状语等可以用从句表示，汉语没有地道的从句。例如</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">we shall never forget the day when Nanjing was liberated</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（我们永远不会忘记南京解放的那一天），在汉语里，</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">南京解放</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是主谓短语做定语，英语用的是定语从句</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">when Nanjing was liberated</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，因此，见到了主谓短语做定语，就不要说那是定语从句。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">第三，句式方面不一样</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">英语里当然有一些非主谓句，如</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Plane</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">！（飞机！）</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Wonderful</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">！（妙极了！）但是这样的句子极少。汉语里面的非主谓句要多得多。除了一个词构成的非主谓句（如</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">火！</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">""</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">好！</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">""</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">滚！</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）之外，汉语里有大量由各种短语构成的非主谓句，如</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">好球！</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">""</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">我的帽子呢？</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">""</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">我的老天爷呀！</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">""</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这个王老师！</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">""</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">你这个小鬼！</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">""</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">瞧你！</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">""</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">下雨了。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">""</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">刮风了。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">""</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">他奶奶的！</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">见到这样的句子，我们管它们叫非主谓句，不要因为人家把</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">下雨了</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">说成</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">it is raining</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，就说汉语省略了主语，也不要因为人家把</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">我的帽子呢？</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">说成</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">where is my cap</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">？就说汉语省略了谓语和宾语。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">汉语里有一种主谓谓语句，非常特殊，英语里没有这样的句式。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">他脸色苍白</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">""</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这个人鼻梁很高</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">""</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这艘军舰，舰身长</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">110</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">米</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">""</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这里的树，杨树居多</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">""</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这样的人血馒头，什么痨病都包好！</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">谓语都是主谓短语。因为翻译成英语，肯定会翻译成</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">他的脸色苍白</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">""</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这个人的鼻梁很高</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">""</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这艘军舰的舰身长</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">110</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">米</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，于是就有人认为</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">他脸色苍白</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的主语是</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">脸色</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">而不是</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">他</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，认为</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这个人鼻梁很高</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的主语是</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">鼻梁</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，也不是</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这个人</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，认为</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这艘军舰，舰身长</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">110</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">米</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的主语是</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">舰身</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">而不是</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这艘军舰</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。这样的分析都是不符合汉语的特点的。这几句可以在中间加个</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">翻译成英语，那么</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这里的树，杨树居多</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">""</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这样的人血馒头，什么痨病都包好</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">? "</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">中间能够加</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">吗？</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这里的树的杨树居多</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">""</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这样的人血馒头的什么痨病都包好！</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">就不成话了。可见</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">他脸色苍白</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这样的主谓谓语句是汉语里头的一种句子，跟</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">他的脸色苍白</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这种主谓句不一样，可千万不要先翻译成英语，然后根据英语来给汉语的句子划分句子成分。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">前面说过，汉语里的复句，没有地道的从句，有一点像</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">从句</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">倒是有的。如</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">那儿有一个人，他手里拿着一本书</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，翻译成英语是</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">there is a man</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">who is taking a book in his hand</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，于是有人便认为</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">那儿有一个人，他手里拿着一本书</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是主从复句，里头的</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">他手里拿着一本书</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是定语从句。这样的分析也是不符合汉语语法的。在汉语里，</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">那儿有一个人，他手里拿着一本书</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是并列复句。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">上面只是举例性的谈到了汉语语法和英语语法的区别，其实两种语言的语法，区别多得很。一句话，就是不能用人家的语法来套咱们的语法，汉语语法有它自己的的特点。</span></p> ]]></description>
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		<title><![CDATA[ 现代汉语基础语法知识(二) ]]></title>
		<link>http://blog.tom.com/transmate/article/3250.html</link>
		<description><![CDATA[ <p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left" align="left"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（三）句子成分</span></b></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">句子有六个成分：<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="COLOR: red">主语、谓语、宾语、补语、定语、状语。</span></b></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">主语和谓语</span></b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">：<u style="text-underline: wave"><span style="COLOR: blue">主语是句子里被陈述的对象，谓语是用来陈述主语的</span></u>。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><u style="text-underline: dotted"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在一般情况下，主语在前，谓语在后</span></u><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 10.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">大伙∥都散了。（《分马》</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 10.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">满树浅黄色的小花，∥并不出众。（《荔枝蜜》</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 10.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）我最不能忘记的∥是他的背影。（《背影》</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 10.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）利用物候知识来研究农业生产，∥已经发展为一门科学。（《大自然的语言》）</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 10.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）那壮丽的柱廊，淡雅的色调，以及四周层次繁多的建筑立面，∥组成了一幅庄严绚丽的画图。（《雄伟的人民大会堂》</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这几句的主语是</span> <span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">大伙</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">""</font></span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">满树浅黄色的小花</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">""</font></span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">我最不能忘记的</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">""</font></span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">利用物候知识来研究农业生产</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">""</font></span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">那壮丽的柱廊，淡雅的色调，以及四周层次繁多的建筑立面</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，这几句的谓语是</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">都散了</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">""</font></span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">并不出众</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">""</font></span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是他的背影</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">""</font></span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">已经发展为一门科学</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">""</font></span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">组成了一幅庄严绚丽的画图</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><u style="text-underline: dotted"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">把中心词看成是主语和谓语也是可以的。</span></u><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">如：</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">6</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）一张简陋的大<u style="text-underline: double">竹床</u>∥<u style="text-underline: thick">铺</u>着厚厚的稻草。（《驿路梨花》</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">7</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）其实这种缩微<u style="text-underline: double">技术</u>∥，早在十九世纪普法战争时候就<u style="text-underline: thick">使用</u>过了。（《从甲骨文到缩微图书馆》）</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">可以认为</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">竹床</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">""</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">技术</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是主语，可以认为</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">铺</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">""</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">使用</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是谓语。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">宾语和补语</span></b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">：<span style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt">宾语往往表示动作支配的对象，并且总是处在动词的后头。补语是动词形容词后面的补充成分。</span>如：</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）桥脚上站着一个人，却是我的<u style="text-underline: wave">母亲</u>。（鲁迅《社戏》）</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）我最不能忘记的是他的<u style="text-underline: wave">背影</u>。（《背影》）</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）萧队长说过：先进的要带<u style="text-underline: wave">落后的</u>。（《分马》）</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）列宁主义认为：<u style="text-underline: wave">资本主义国家的无产阶级要拥护殖民地半殖民地人民的解放斗争，殖民地半殖民地的无产阶级要拥护资本主义国家的无产阶级的解放斗争，世界革命才能胜利。</u>（《纪念白求恩》）</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">字下有线的全是宾语。还有一种宾语叫做</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">双宾语</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，如：</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）现在人们叫<u style="text-underline: wave">它</u></span> <u style="text-underline: wave"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">故宫</span></u><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。（</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">《故宫博物院》）</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">6</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）我给<u style="text-underline: wave">她</u></span> <u style="text-underline: wave"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一本书</span></u><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">它</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">""</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">她</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是近宾语（间接宾语），</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">故宫</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">""</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一本书</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是远宾语（直接宾语）。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">7</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）说起来可笑，小时候有一回上树掐海棠花，不想叫蜜蜂蜇了</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">&lt;</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一下</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">&gt;</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，痛得我差点儿跌</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">&lt;</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">下来</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">&gt;</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。（</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">《荔枝蜜》）</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">8</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）我独自一人游荡</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">&lt;</font></span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在田野里</span> <span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">&gt;</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。（《挖荠菜》）</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">9</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）从化的荔枝树多得</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">&lt;</font></span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">像一片碧绿的大海</span> <span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">&gt;</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，开花时节，那蜜蜂满野嘤嘤嗡嗡，忙得</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">&lt;</font></span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">忘记早晚</span> <span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">&gt;</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，有时还趁着月色采花酿蜜。（</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">《荔枝蜜》）</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">10</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）我那时真是聪明</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">&lt;</font></span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">过分</span> <span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">&gt;</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。（</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">《背影》）</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">11</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）年纪比我大的人，往往如此，我遇见过</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">&lt;</font></span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">好几回</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">&gt;</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">了。（</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">《从百草园到三味书屋》）</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">尖括号里的全是补语，都补充说明了前面的动词、形容词。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left" align="left"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">定语和状语</span></b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">：<u style="text-underline: wave"><span style="COLOR: blue">定语是名词性词语的修饰成分，状语是动词性、形容词性词语的修饰成分</span></u>。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）这时我看见（他）的背影，（我）的泪很快地流下来了。（《背影》）</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）可我，总还是怀念那（长在野地里）的荠菜，就像怀念（那些与自己共过患难的老朋友）一样。（《挖荠菜》）</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）老远就看见（镶嵌在正门顶上）的国徽的闪闪金光。（《雄伟的人民大会堂》）</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）李四光</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">[</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这一生中</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">][</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">还从来</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">]</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">没有过一次</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">[</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这样</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">]</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">舒畅和快乐的谈话。（《地质之光》）</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）他们</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">[</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">只</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">]</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">认得钱，托他们只是</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">[</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">白</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">]</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">托！而且我</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">[</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这样</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">]</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">大年纪的人，难道</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">[</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">还</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">][</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">不</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">]</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">能料理自己么？（朱自清《背影》</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">6</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）说到这里，我们两人都</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">[</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">不约而同</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">]</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">地站了起来，</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">[</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">沿着草坪旁用卵石铺成的小径</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">]</font></span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">走到</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">北海</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">跟前。（萧乾《枣核》</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt">圆括号里的是定语，方括号里的是状语。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left" align="left"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（四）复句</span></b></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 26.25pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.5" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">请注意各种复句的关联词语。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）天上风筝渐渐多了，地上孩子也多了。（《春》</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）叫号叫到他的时候，他不要马，也不要牛。（《分马》</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）我下了楼，在门口买了几个大红橘子，塞在手提袋里，顺着歪斜不平的石板路，走到小屋的门口。（《小橘灯》）</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）那同志抬起失神的眼睛，呆滞地望了卢进勇一眼，吃力地举起手推开他的胳膊，嘴唇翕动了好几下，齿缝里挤出了几个字：</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">不，没……没用了。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（《七根火柴》）</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">上面的句子，（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）是并列复句（并列复句</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">:</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">几个分句分别叙说有关联的几件事情或同一事物的几个方面。分句间的关系或者是平列的，或者是相对待的。常用的关联词有：</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">也　　又　</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">还　</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">同时　</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">同样　</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一方面</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">A</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，一方面</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">B</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">有时</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">A</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，有时</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">B</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　一会儿</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">A</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，一会儿</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">B</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　一边</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">A</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，一边</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">B</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">不是</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">A</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，而是</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">B</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">A</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，不是</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">B<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</span></font></span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">），（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）是连贯复句（承接复句）（几个分句按顺序说出连续的动作或相关的情况。）常见的关联词语：就　便　才　　于是　　然后　</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">后来　</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">接着　跟着　</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">首先</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">A</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，然后</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">B</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">起先</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">A</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，后来</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">B</font></span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。有的没有关联词语。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）现在的书，不光花色品种繁多，而且有的越来越小。（《从甲骨文到缩微图书馆》）</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">6</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）这种桥不但形式优美，而且结构坚固。（《中国的石拱桥》）</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">7</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）又像是等着猫赦免了它，或是忽然来了个救星。（《小麻雀》</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">8</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）人还没有看见，已经先听到歌声了；或者人已转过山头望不见了，歌声还余音袅袅，不绝如缕。（吴伯萧《歌声》）</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">上面的复句，（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">6</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）是递进复句，（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">7</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">8</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）是选择复句。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">9</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）老初和老孙头都劝她要一头，可是她说啥也不要。（《分马》</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">10</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）孟子的这些话，虽然是在</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1000</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">多年以前说的，但直到现在，还有它积极的意义。（《谈骨气》</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">11</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）要让它呆在那儿，会咬死蜜蜂的。（《荔枝蜜》</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">12</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）如果能注意到物候延迟，选择适宜的播种日期，这种损失就可能避免。（《大自然的语言）</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">上面的复句，（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">9</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">10</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）是转折复句，（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">11</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">12</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）是假设复句。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">13</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）只有你意识到这一点，你才能更深刻了解我们的战士在朝鲜奋不顾身的原因。（魏巍《谁是最可爱的人》）</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">14</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）只要占领了这个沃野，他们就可以强渡黄河，进入汾河或黄河河谷。（翦伯赞《内蒙访古》）</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">15</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）竞赛结束的时候，无论纺得多的还是纺得少的，得奖的还是没得奖的，大家都感到胜利的快乐。（吴伯萧《记一辆纺车》）</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">16</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）不管认识不认识，见谁都打招呼。（吴伯萧《歌声》）</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">13</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）～（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">16</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）这四句，都是条件复句。条件复句的关联词语比较多，要特别注意。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">17</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）因为因为它们离地球非常远，因而看去仿佛是小点点了。（郑文光《火刑》）</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">18</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）既然有了血痕，当然不觉要扩大。（鲁迅《纪念刘和珍君》）</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这两句是因果复句。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">多重复句就是由各种复句组成的。上面这些复句的类型掌握得好，划分多重复句就不成问题了。下面仅仅举几个例子。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(19)</font></span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">可是它的左翅也许是被养着它的或是别个孩子给扯坏了，</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">/</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（因果）所以它爱人，</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">//</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（转折）又不完全信任人。（《小麻雀》</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</span>(20)</font></span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">尽管三环路、机场路、京顺路三路在这里交会，</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">/</font></span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（转折）它却没有偏重往立体发展，</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">//</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（并列）而是向宽广铺开，</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">///</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（并列）路向八方放射，</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">///</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（并列）桥向八方伸展，</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">///</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（并列）气势宏大。（《北京立交桥》）</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">21</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）如果把一万种每本十五万字的书放在一块儿，</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">//(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">假设</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">它的总重量大约有五吨，</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">/ (</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">并列</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">而缩微以后的胶片只有十五公斤。（《从甲骨文到缩微图书馆》）</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">22</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）他如果骂，</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">/</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（假设）我们便要他归还去年在岸边拾去的一枝枯桕树，</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">//</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（递进）而且当面叫他</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">八癞子</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（《社戏》</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span></p> ]]></description>
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		<title><![CDATA[ 现代汉语基础语法知识(一) ]]></title>
		<link>http://blog.tom.com/transmate/article/3249.html</link>
		<description><![CDATA[ <p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一、语法知识概述</span></b></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（一）词类</span></b></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">汉语的词可以分为</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">12</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">类。<u><span style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; COLOR: blue; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt">名词、动词、形容词、数词、量词和代词是实词</span></u>，<u><span style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; COLOR: red; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt">副词、介词、连词、助词、拟声词和叹词是虚词</span></u>。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left" align="left"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">名词</span></b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">：<span style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; COLOR: blue; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt">表示人和事物的名称的实词</span>。如：</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">黄瓜、白菜、拖拉机、计算机</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　表示专用名称的叫做</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">专用名词</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，如</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">云南、上海、李白、白居易</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 31.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-para-margin-left: 3.0gd" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">表示抽象事物的名称的叫做</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">抽象名词</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，如</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">范畴、思想、质量、品德、友谊、方法</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。表示方位的叫做</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">方位名词</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，如</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">上</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">""</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">下</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">""</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">左</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">""</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">右</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">""</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">前</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">""</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">后</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">""</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">中</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">""</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">东</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">""</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">西</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">""</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">南</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">""</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">北</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">""</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">前面</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">""</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">后边</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">""</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">东边</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">""</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">南面</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">""</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">中间</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">等。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">动词</span></b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">：<span style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; COLOR: blue; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt">动词表示人或事物的动作、行为、发展、变化。</span></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 26.25pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.5" align="left"><span style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">有的动词表示一般的动作</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，如：来、去、说、走、跑、学习、起飞、审查、认识</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">等。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 26.25pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.5" align="left"><span style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">有的动词表示心理活动</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，如</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">想、重视、注重、尊敬、了解、相信、佩服、惦念</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">等，这样的动词前面往往可以加上</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">很、十分</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">有的动词表示能够、愿意这些意思，叫做</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: blue"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">能愿动词</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，它们是</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">能、要、应、肯、敢、得（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">dei</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）、能够、应该、应当、愿意、可以、可能、必须</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，这些能愿动词常常用在一般的动词前面，如</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">得去、能够做、可以考虑、愿意学习、应该说明、可能发展</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">还有一些动词表示趋向，叫做</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: blue"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">趋向动词</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: blue"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，如</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">来、去、上、下、进、出、上来、上去、下来、下去、过来、过去、起，它们往往用在一般动词后面表示趋向，如</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">跳起来、走下去、抬上来、跑过去</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: blue"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: blue"><font face="Times New Roman">""</font></span><span style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: blue"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">也是动词，跟动词的用法一样。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 41.3pt; TEXT-INDENT: -41.3pt; mso-char-indent-count: -3.92"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">形容词</span></b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">：<span style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; COLOR: blue; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt">形容词表示事物的形状、样式、性质等，如</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; COLOR: blue; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; COLOR: blue; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt">多、少、高、胖、死板、奢侈、胆小、丑恶</span><span lang="EN-US" style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; COLOR: blue; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; COLOR: blue; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt">。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">数词</span></b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">：<span style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; COLOR: blue; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt">数词是表示事物数目的词。</span>如</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一、二、两、三、七、十、百、千、万、亿、半</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">量词</span></b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">：<span style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; COLOR: blue; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt">量词是表示事物或动作单位的词。</span>汉语的量词分为名量词和动量词</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">名量词表示事物的数量，又可以分为单位量词和度量量词。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">单位量词表示事物的单位，如</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">个、张、只、支、本、台、架、辆、颗、株、头、间、把、扇、等；</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">度量量词表示事物的度量，如</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">寸、尺、丈、斤、两、吨、升、斗、加仑、伏特、欧姆、立方米</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">动量词表示动作的数量，用在动词前后表示动作的单位，如</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">次、下、回、趟、场</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">副词</span></b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">：副词<span style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; COLOR: blue; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt">总是用在动词形容词前面做状语</span>，如</span> <span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">很、颇、极、十分、就、都、马上、立刻、曾经、居然、重新、不断</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">等。副词通常用在动词、形容词前面。如</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">就来、马上走、十分好、重新开始</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，只有</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">很</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">""</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">极</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">可以用在动词、形容词后面做补语，如</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">高兴得很、喜欢极了</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">介词</span></b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">：介词<span style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; COLOR: blue; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt">总是同其他的词组合在一起，构成介词短语，做定语、状语和补语</span>。如</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">把、从、向、朝、为、为了、往、于、比、被、在、对、以、通过、随着、作为</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">连词</span></b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">：<span style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; COLOR: blue; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt">连词可以连接词、短语、句子乃至段落。</span>如</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">和、及、或者、或、又、既</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 26.25pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.5"><span style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; COLOR: blue; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt">关联词语可以看成是连词</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，如</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">因为……所以、不但……而且、虽然……但是</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">助词</span></b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">：<span style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; COLOR: blue; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt">附加在词、短语、句子上起辅助作用的词。</span>助词可以分为三类。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一类是结构助词</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，它们是</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的、地、得、所、似的</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">；</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一类是动态助词</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，它们是</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">着、了、过</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">；</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一类是语气助词</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，如</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">啊、吗、呢、吧、呐、呀、了、么、哇</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">叹词</span></b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">：<span style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; COLOR: blue; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt">表示感叹、呼唤、应答的词叫做叹词</span>。如：喂、哟、嗨、哼、哦、哎呀</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。叹词总是独立成句。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">拟声词</span></b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">：<span style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; COLOR: blue; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt">就是模拟声音的词。</span>如</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">呜、汪汪、轰隆、咯咯、沙沙沙、呼啦啦</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（二）短语</span></b></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 10.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: 10.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0; mso-para-margin-left: 1.0gd" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">词和词按照一定的规则可以组成短语，短语是词和词构成的比词大、比句子小的语法单位。汉语里有许多种短语，最基本的是下面七种。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">联合短语</span></b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">：<span style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; COLOR: blue; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt">由地位平等的词组成的短语叫做联合短语。</span>如</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">白菜和芹菜</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">""</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">香蕉、橘子和甜橙</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">""</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">调查、研究</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">""</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">接受并且审理</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">""</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">雄伟、壮丽</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">""</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">又白又胖</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">偏正短语</span></b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">：<span style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; COLOR: blue; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt">偏正短语中的一部分是中心词，前面总是有修饰语。</span></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-para-margin-left: 2.0gd" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">如“大城市、小村庄、优异的成绩、电子计算机”（这是以名词为中心的偏正短语）；</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">慢走、努力工作、仔细地分析、特别大、最优秀</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（这是以动词、形容词为中心的偏正短语）。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">补充短语</span></b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">：<span style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; COLOR: blue; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt">这是补充成分在后面的短语，</span>如</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">坐下、掉下去、拿起来、算得准、说得妙、放在这里</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">动宾短语</span></b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">：<span style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; COLOR: blue; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt">这是动词后面带着宾语的短语。</span>如</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">买菜、写小说、看电视、走亲戚、跑材料、修理汽车、收购药材</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">主谓短语</span></b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">：<span style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; COLOR: blue; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt">被陈述对象在前，陈述者在后构成的短语，叫做</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; COLOR: blue; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; COLOR: blue; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt">主谓短语</span><span lang="EN-US" style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; COLOR: blue; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，好像一个句子，但是没有句子的语气，因而没有句子的独立性。如</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">电灯亮、电话通、学校开学、山河壮丽、春雨绵绵、河水奔腾、祖国富强</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">介词短语</span></b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">：<span style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; COLOR: blue; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt">介词在前，其他词语（主要名词或者名词短语）在后组成的短语。</span>如：在中国、对他们、往新疆、从今年、关于他、向大家、朝北京方向、以这种方式、为广大群众、比个人的利益</span> <span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的字短语</span></b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">：<span style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; COLOR: blue; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt">用</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; COLOR: blue; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; COLOR: blue; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt">的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; COLOR: blue; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; COLOR: blue; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt">在最后组成的短语，相当于一个名词。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="left"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">如</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">教书的、开车的、走路的、先进的、手里拿把花的、头上打着蝴蝶结的</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</span></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p> ]]></description>
		<eb:creationDate>2009-03-03 07:14:43</eb:creationDate>
		<eb:modificationDate></eb:modificationDate>
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    <item>
		<title><![CDATA[ 周末提升班课后汉英练习（二） ]]></title>
		<link>http://blog.tom.com/transmate/article/3208.html</link>
		<description><![CDATA[ <p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="mso-list: Ignore"><font face="Times New Roman">1.<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></font></span></span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">所谓岛屿，就是一块四面环水的陆地，地球上有无数的岛屿，从最大的格陵兰到只有几米宽的小点块陆地不等。中国的两个最大的岛屿是台湾和海南。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="mso-list: Ignore"><font face="Times New Roman">2.<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></font></span></span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">全球性的气候变迁，主要见于地球大气的逐渐变暖，现正受到全世界的注意，因为这种变迁会对世界人民的生活产生巨大的影响。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="mso-list: Ignore"><font face="Times New Roman">3.<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></font></span></span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">长江是中国最大的河流，长江上的三峡发电厂是一项正在进行中的十分巨大的工程，该厂所要用的发电机将是世界上最大的机组。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="mso-list: Ignore"><font face="Times New Roman">4.<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></font></span></span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">北京人大约生活在公元前</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">460</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">000</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">到</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">230</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">000</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年之间，能够用火，并能制造石头工具，是早期旧石器时期人类的一个好实例。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="mso-list: Ignore"><font face="Times New Roman">5.<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></font></span></span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">中国的万里长城是在两年多年前建成的，是在把封建王公们为了防御野蛮民族入侵而建筑的城堡连接起来的基础上建成的。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="mso-list: Ignore"><font face="Times New Roman">6.<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></font></span></span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">中国的大河流都是从西流向东，使得南北之间的交通相对来说比较困难，因此铁路和公路成了国家经济上必不可少的设施。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="mso-list: Ignore"><font face="Times New Roman">7.<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></font></span></span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在中世纪，有大量的丝绸从中国运到中东和欧洲，走的是古代的丝绸之路，到今天这条路还有痕迹可寻。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="mso-list: Ignore"><font face="Times New Roman">8.<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></font></span></span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">鸦片战争打开了中国长期封闭的门户，标志着帝国主义一系列侵略中国领土的开端。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="mso-list: Ignore"><font face="Times New Roman">9.<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></font></span></span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是埃及人首先采用一年</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">365</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">天的日历，这种日历经过某种改动，今天有许多国家都在使用。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="mso-list: Ignore"><font face="Times New Roman">10.<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></font></span></span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">甚至在今天，也没有人能够明确知道古代埃及人是怎样建成金字塔的，有些人甚至认为，也许有某种地球以外的力量参与。</span></p> ]]></description>
		<eb:creationDate>2009-02-22 09:56:46</eb:creationDate>
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		<title><![CDATA[ 周末提升班课后汉英练习（一） ]]></title>
		<link>http://blog.tom.com/transmate/article/3203.html</link>
		<description><![CDATA[ <p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="Times New Roman">1.</font></span> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">按人口计算，中国是世界上最大的国家；按领土面积计算，是第三大国家，仅次于俄罗斯和加拿大。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="Times New Roman">2.</font></span> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">众所周知，中国的自然资源十分丰富，这使得中国具备良好的条件发展工农业。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="Times New Roman">3.</font></span> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">中国的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="Times New Roman">1800</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">公里长的大运河，建成于公元</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="Times New Roman">610</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年，流经</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="Times New Roman">17</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">个城市，是世界上最古老、最长的人工水道。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="Times New Roman">4.</font></span> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">为了改善环境，中国最大的、人口最密的城市——上海，正在计划建造一座占地</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="Times New Roman">300</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">多公顷的森林公园，称为“超级绿肺”。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="Times New Roman">5.</font></span> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">长江三角洲区域，占有全国人口的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="Times New Roman">6%</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，提供全国国内生产总值的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="Times New Roman">1/5</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">以上，所以这一区域的发展，必然会对促进中国的经济建设起很大的作用。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="Times New Roman">6.</font></span> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">亚马逊河流域具有世界上有名的复杂生态系统，中国的科学家在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="Times New Roman">2004</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="Times New Roman">7</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月首次来到该地区，进行科学考察研究。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="Times New Roman">7.</font></span> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">橡胶原来是南美巴西的产物，在十九世纪下半叶传到别的国家。现在，世界上大部分的橡胶，是生产在赤道南北各</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="Times New Roman">10</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">°的中间地带上。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="Times New Roman">8.</font></span> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">令人意料不到的是，硅谷既不是一个富有硅的地方，也不是一个山谷。它之所以得名，仅仅是因为它是一个新兴的、以硅为基础的电子工业的中心。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="Times New Roman">9.</font></span> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">亚洲是最大的洲，在地理上变化最大，其地貌包括巨大的、由沙漠覆盖着的高原，也包括像喜马拉雅山这样的高山，而喜马拉雅山上的珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最高的山峰。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="Times New Roman">10.</font></span> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">太平洋几乎和其他三个大洋加起来一样大，其最深部分达到海面下</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="Times New Roman">10973</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">米</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，这个深度甚至超过了喜马拉雅山上世界最高峰的高度。</span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">&nbsp;</p> ]]></description>
		<eb:creationDate>2009-02-16 09:00:16</eb:creationDate>
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		<title><![CDATA[ 常用医学词汇的前缀 ]]></title>
		<link>http://blog.tom.com/transmate/article/3196.html</link>
		<description><![CDATA[ 第一节&nbsp;　表示无，抗，非的前缀&nbsp;<br>
　一、a-,an-无，非。无可以进一步理解为离开，除去，脱去等&nbsp;<br>
　　1、&nbsp;无&nbsp;<br>
abacteria&nbsp;无菌的，atony&nbsp;无力，anemia&nbsp;贫血（无血之意）。Abiosis&nbsp;无生命，abraehia&nbsp;无臂畸形，adaerya&nbsp;无泪，asaetylia&nbsp;无指（趾）畸形，asendrie无树突的，adermotrophia&nbsp;皮肤萎缩（即无皮肤营养之意），adiaphoresis&nbsp;无汗症。&nbsp;<br>
　　2、&nbsp;否定&nbsp;<br>
asymmetercal&nbsp;不对称的，asynergy&nbsp;不协调，astnthests&nbsp;不连接，aststole&nbsp;心搏停止（心脏不收缩）。Atactic&nbsp;共济失调的（不协调），astnchronous&nbsp;不同步的，askyllabia&nbsp;拼音不能。&nbsp;<br>
　　3、&nbsp;离开&nbsp;<br>
aspiration&nbsp;吸引（即吸除之意），aberrent&nbsp;迷走的（即离开正常途径的）。&nbsp;<br>
　　4、&nbsp;An-在元音前用an-&nbsp;<br>
Anaerove&nbsp;厌氧菌，anesthesia&nbsp;无感觉，麻醉，analgesia&nbsp;无痛法，痛觉消失，anamniotic&nbsp;无羊膜的，anangioplasia&nbsp;血管发育不全，anapepsia&nbsp;胃蛋白酶缺乏，anaplasia&nbsp;发育不全，anascitia&nbsp;无腹水的，anastigmatic&nbsp;无散光的，anacholia&nbsp;胆汁缺乏。&nbsp;<br>
　　二、ab-去，离开，除&nbsp;<br>
abnormal&nbsp;不正常的（即背离正常的），abapical&nbsp;离尖的，离心尖的（尖以外的，心尖外的）。Abarticular&nbsp;关节外的，abaxial&nbsp;轴外的，离轴的，abduct&nbsp;外展神经，ablactation&nbsp;断奶（离开奶）。Abneural&nbsp;神经外的。&nbsp;<br>
　　三、Ant-,anti-,对抗，取消，抑制，解除&nbsp;<br>
antagonistic&nbsp;对抗的，antioxin&nbsp;搞毒素，antibody&nbsp;抗体，antigen&nbsp;抗原，antacid&nbsp;制酸剂，antipyretie&nbsp;解热剂，antibiotic&nbsp;抗菌素，antispasmin&nbsp;解痉剂，→antiamylase&nbsp;抗淀粉酶，antieoagulant&nbsp;抗凝的。&nbsp;<br>
　　四、De-向下，减少，降低，除去，否定，离开，解除，脱去等&nbsp;<br>
deacidification&nbsp;去酸作用，deactivation&nbsp;灭活性，deacylase&nbsp;脱酰基酶，dealclholizafion&nbsp;脱醇作用，deallergize&nbsp;脱过敏，deamination&nbsp;脱氨作用，deaquation&nbsp;脱水作用，deviate&nbsp;背离，decrease&nbsp;减少，descend&nbsp;下降，decimpose&nbsp;分解，decomprese&nbsp;减压，&nbsp;deficiencky&nbsp;不中，不全，缺乏，deceleration&nbsp;减速度，deformity&nbsp;畸形，变形（非正常形态之意）。Degeneration&nbsp;退行性变，变性（即背离正常性质）。Decentration&nbsp;偏心（即离开中心），decerebrate&nbsp;去大deckortication&nbsp;去皮质，去皮层，defibrillate&nbsp;除库，deficit&nbsp;短缺，deflection&nbsp;偏向，detail&nbsp;详细（de也有表示完全之意）。&nbsp;<br>
　　五、Dis-否定，分开，相反等&nbsp;<br>
disability&nbsp;丧失劳动力，disacidity&nbsp;去酸，disaggregation&nbsp;感觉综合不能，disassimilation&nbsp;异化作用，dislication&nbsp;脱位，disassociation&nbsp;分离，discharge&nbsp;放电，discission&nbsp;切开，discomfort&nbsp;不舒适disconnect&nbsp;分离，不连接，descrimination&nbsp;辨别（含分开之意）。Disequilibrium&nbsp;不平衡。&nbsp;<br>
　　六、Il-,im-,in-,ir-非，无，不&nbsp;<br>
　　1、&nbsp;In-非，无，不&nbsp;<br>
Inactite&nbsp;无活性的，inablity&nbsp;无能力，inaccurate&nbsp;不精确的，insolrble&nbsp;不溶解的，inadequate&nbsp;不适当的，inadaptable&nbsp;不适应的，inacidity&nbsp;无酸，inaction&nbsp;无作用，inanimate无生命的，incapacity&nbsp;机能不全，incoagulable&nbsp;不能凝固的，inalimental&nbsp;无营养的。&nbsp;<br>
　　2、&nbsp;Im-为in-的变形，在b,p,m,之前用im-&nbsp;<br>
Impossible&nbsp;不可能的，imperforation&nbsp;无孔，impermeability&nbsp;非渗透性，imbalance&nbsp;不平衡，immature&nbsp;不成熟的，immiscible&nbsp;不可混合的，immobility&nbsp;不活动，impalpavle&nbsp;不可触知的，impotency&nbsp;阳萎（阴茎不能勃起），inpkutre&nbsp;不纯的。&nbsp;<br>
　　3、&nbsp;Il-为in-之变形，用于1之前&nbsp;<br>
Ill-health&nbsp;健康不佳，ill-effect&nbsp;不良作用，ill-humor&nbsp;心境不佳，ill-nourished&nbsp;营养不良的。&nbsp;<br>
　　4、&nbsp;Ir-为in-之变形，用于1之前&nbsp;<br>
<br>
Irregular不规则的，irreversible&nbsp;不可逆的，irreducible&nbsp;不可还原的，irrespirable&nbsp;不能呼吸的，irresuscitable&nbsp;不可复苏的，irrhythmia&nbsp;心律失常，心律不齐，&nbsp;<br>
七、Non-非，无，不&nbsp;<br>
non-absorbent&nbsp;非吸收性的，nonacid&nbsp;非酸性的，nonallerglic&nbsp;非变态反应性的，nondevelopment不发育，nonconductor&nbsp;非导体，nonimmune&nbsp;非免疫性的，noncongestive&nbsp;非充血性的，nonmotile&nbsp;无运动的，noninfective&nbsp;非传杂性的，非感染性的，nonhemolytic&nbsp;非溶血性的，nonmetal&nbsp;非金属的，nonsutgical&nbsp;非手术的，非外科和，nonspecific&nbsp;非特异性的，nonviable&nbsp;不能生活的。&nbsp;<br>
　　八、Un-不，非，无&nbsp;<br>
unavoidable&nbsp;不可避免的，unbalance&nbsp;不平衡，unknown&nbsp;未知的，unconsciousness&nbsp;无意识，uncomfortable&nbsp;不舒适的，uncompleted&nbsp;不完全的，uncompemented&nbsp;未给补体的，undifferentiation&nbsp;未分化。&nbsp;<br>
<br>
<br>
第二节　　能表示数量的前缀&nbsp;<br>
<br>
<br>
　　一、&nbsp;基数词&nbsp;<br>
　　1、uni-&nbsp;单一&nbsp;<br>
Unilateral&nbsp;单侧的，unipolar&nbsp;单极的，uniaural&nbsp;单耳的，unobsal&nbsp;单底的，unicentral&nbsp;单中心的，unicelluar&nbsp;单细胞的，unidirectional&nbsp;单向的，unifocal&nbsp;单灶的，uniocular&nbsp;单眼的，unipara&nbsp;初产妇，&nbsp;unit&nbsp;单位。&nbsp;<br>
　　2、bi-、di-、diplo-、amb-、amphi-、ampho、二、双&nbsp;<br>
　　（1）bi&nbsp;<br>
biacuminate有二尖端的，biangulate&nbsp;有两角的，bicarbonate&nbsp;重碳酸盐，biauricular&nbsp;双耳的，biaxial双轴的，bicavity&nbsp;双腔的，biceps&nbsp;二头肌，biconvex&nbsp;双凸的，bivalent&nbsp;双价的，bivalve&nbsp;双瓣的。&nbsp;<br>
　　（2）di-&nbsp;<br>
diacetate&nbsp;双醋酸盐，diacetyldiphenolisatin&nbsp;双醋酚酊，diacid&nbsp;二酸，diamide&nbsp;二酰胺，dihybrid&nbsp;双因子杂种，dihyudrochlorothiazide&nbsp;双氢克尿塞，diphosphate&nbsp;双磷酸盐，diad&nbsp;二分体,&nbsp;disome&nbsp;双染色体，disomi&nbsp;双躯干畸胎。&nbsp;<br>
　　（3）diplo-&nbsp;<br>
diplobacillus&nbsp;双杆菌，dipliblastic&nbsp;二胚层的，diplicocus&nbsp;双球菌，diploid&nbsp;二倍体，diploneural&nbsp;双重神经支配的，diplopia&nbsp;复视，diplostreptococcus&nbsp;双链球菌。&nbsp;<br>
　　（4）ambi-,amb-,ambo-二，两侧，复&nbsp;<br>
ambilateral&nbsp;两侧的，ambiopia&nbsp;复视，ambivalent&nbsp;矛盾情绪的（两方面情绪的），ambiocularity&nbsp;能同等使用两眼，ambosexual&nbsp;两性的。&nbsp;<br>
　　（5）amphi-&nbsp;二，两侧，两端&nbsp;<br>
amphibia&nbsp;两栖类，amphichroic&nbsp;两性反应的，amphigenesis&nbsp;两面三刀性生殖，amphinucleolus&nbsp;双核仁，amphipeptine&nbsp;两性胨。&nbsp;<br>
　　（6）ampho-&nbsp;意同甘共苦amphi&nbsp;<br>
amphochromophil&nbsp;双染性的，amphotericin&nbsp;两性霉素，amphiteric&nbsp;两性的。&nbsp;<br>
　　3、tri-&nbsp;三&nbsp;<br>
triangle&nbsp;三角，triad&nbsp;三联征，triacetate&nbsp;三乙酸盐，triacid&nbsp;三价酸，triage&nbsp;伤员拣别分类（国外急诊室将伤员进行分类，大批伤员选出，有可能抢救存活的病人，先进行抢救，分出轻重缓急，以便抢救存活更多的病人，此处无三的含义，trialism&nbsp;三元论，triamine&nbsp;三胺，teiatomic&nbsp;三原子的，tribasic&nbsp;三价碱的，tribromide&nbsp;三溴化物。&nbsp;<br>
　　4、quadra-,quadri-,tetra-,tetro-&nbsp;四&nbsp;<br>
　　（1）quadra-,quadri-&nbsp;<br>
quadrant&nbsp;四分体，象限，quadrate&nbsp;四方的，quadratus&nbsp;方肌，quadriceps&nbsp;四头肌，quadricuspid&nbsp;四尖的，quadrigeminum&nbsp;四叠体，quadriplegia&nbsp;四肢瘫。&nbsp;<br>
　　（2）tetra-,tetro-&nbsp;<br>
tetracycline&nbsp;四环素，tetrachloride&nbsp;四氯化物，tetrachlormethane&nbsp;四氯甲烷，trtralogy&nbsp;四联症，trtrapeptide&nbsp;四肽，tetraophthalmus&nbsp;四眼畸形。&nbsp;<br>
　　5、penta-.,pento-&nbsp;五&nbsp;<br>
Pentacyclic&nbsp;五环的，&nbsp;pentadactyl&nbsp;五指（趾）的，pentacglucose&nbsp;戊糖，pentanucleotide&nbsp;五核苷酸，pentazole&nbsp;五唑，pentobarbital&nbsp;戊巴比妥。&nbsp;<br>
　　6、hex-,hexa-六&nbsp;<br>
Hexachlorophene&nbsp;六氯酚，hexad&nbsp;六价元素，hexagonal&nbsp;六角形，hexahydric&nbsp;六氢的，hexane&nbsp;已烷，hexistrol&nbsp;已雌酚（已即六）&nbsp;<br>
　　7、hept-,hepta-,sept-,七&nbsp;<br>
Heptaldehyde&nbsp;庚醛（庚即七），heptatomic&nbsp;七价的，hiptaralent-&nbsp;七价的，heptose&nbsp;庚糖，septavalent&nbsp;七价的。&nbsp;<br>
　　8、octa-,octo-&nbsp;八&nbsp;<br>
Octacetate&nbsp;辛醋酸酯，octoferric&nbsp;含八个铁的，octose&nbsp;辛糖，octylene&nbsp;辛烯。&nbsp;<br>
　　9、nona-&nbsp;九&nbsp;<br>
Nonan&nbsp;第九曰的，nonipara&nbsp;九产妇（第九次生产）。&nbsp;<br>
　　10、deca-&nbsp;十&nbsp;<br>
decacurie&nbsp;十居里（同位素量），decagram&nbsp;十克，decaliter&nbsp;十升，decameter&nbsp;十米，decanormal&nbsp;十当量的（溶液浓度单位）。&nbsp;<br>
<br>
　　二、数量程度&nbsp;<br>
　　1、haplo-,mono&nbsp;单&nbsp;<br>
　　(1)haplo-与mono不同，是指单纯的单独的。&nbsp;<br>
Haplodermatitis&nbsp;单纯皮炎,haplolichen&nbsp;单纯苔藓，haploid&nbsp;单倍体。Haplomycosis&nbsp;单孢子囊菌病，haplo-pathy&nbsp;无合并症的单纯&nbsp;病，haplopia&nbsp;单视。&nbsp;<br>
　　(2)mono-&nbsp;<br>
monocyte&nbsp;单核细胞，mononuclear&nbsp;单核的，mononeuritis&nbsp;单神经炎，monoacid&nbsp;单价酸的，monoarticular&nbsp;单关节的，monogenous&nbsp;单性生殖的，monocelled-&nbsp;单细胞的，monoxide&nbsp;单氧化物，monochromatic&nbsp;单色的，monophase&nbsp;单相。&nbsp;<br>
　　2、multi-,pleo-,pluri-,poly-&nbsp;多&nbsp;<br>
　　(1)multi-,多，多数&nbsp;<br>
multiple&nbsp;多的，multicapsular&nbsp;多囊的，multicellular&nbsp;多细胞的，multicenrtic&nbsp;多中心的，multifetation&nbsp;多胎妊娠，multiform&nbsp;多形的，multilobular&nbsp;多叶的，multiparous&nbsp;多胎的，multivalence&nbsp;多价，multiterminal&nbsp;多端的，&nbsp;multinodular&nbsp;多结节的。&nbsp;<br>
　　(2)pleo-&nbsp;常指过多，增，多&nbsp;<br>
pleocaryocyte&nbsp;多核细胞，pleochroic&nbsp;多色的，pleochromocytoma&nbsp;多色细胞瘤，pleocytosis&nbsp;细胞增多，pleolysis&nbsp;最大溶血浓度，pkkeomastia&nbsp;多乳房，pleomorphic&nbsp;多形的。&nbsp;<br>
　　(3)pluri-&nbsp;多，多数&nbsp;<br>
pluriceptor&nbsp;多簇受体，pluricytopenia&nbsp;多种细胞减少，pluridyscrinia&nbsp;多种分泌障碍，pluriglandular&nbsp;多腺性的，plurigravida&nbsp;经产的，plurimenorrhea&nbsp;多次行经，plurinuclear&nbsp;多核的，pluripara&nbsp;经产妇，pluripolar&nbsp;多极的，pluripotential&nbsp;多能的。&nbsp;<br>
　　(4)poly-&nbsp;多，多数&nbsp;<br>
polycythemia&nbsp;红细胞&nbsp;增多症，polycystic&nbsp;多囊的，polycystoma&nbsp;多囊病，polychylia&nbsp;乳糜过多，polyclic&nbsp;多环的，polyclinic&nbsp;综合门诊所，综合医院，分科医院，polychtomatophlia&nbsp;多染性细胞增多，polydeficiency&nbsp;多种维生素缺乏，polydipsia&nbsp;烦渴，polydontia&nbsp;多牙。&nbsp;<br>
　　3、Demi-.hemi,&nbsp;semi-&nbsp;半&nbsp;<br>
　　（1）demi-&nbsp;<br>
demifacet&nbsp;半面，demilune&nbsp;半月形的，新月细胞。&nbsp;<br>
　　（2）hemi-&nbsp;常指半侧，偏侧hemiplegia&nbsp;半身不遂，hemiprotein&nbsp;半蛋白质，hemipylorectomy&nbsp;幽门部分切除术，hemiscotosis&nbsp;偏侧盲，hemisection&nbsp;对切，himispasm&nbsp;偏侧痉挛，hemisphere&nbsp;半球，hemisyndrome&nbsp;偏侧综合征，hemisynergia&nbsp;偏身协同动作，hemitetany&nbsp;半身手足搐搦，hemithermoanesthesis&nbsp;半身热觉缺失，hemitoxin&nbsp;半毒素。&nbsp;<br>
　　(3)semi-&nbsp;<br>
semiantigen&nbsp;半抗原，semicanal&nbsp;半管，semicircular&nbsp;半环形的，semicoma&nbsp;半昏迷，轻昏迷,semiconscious&nbsp;半清醒的，semidecussation&nbsp;半交叉，scmiflexion&nbsp;半屈，semilunare&nbsp;月骨，semimembrane&nbsp;半渗透膜的，semiplegia&nbsp;半瘫，semipllar&nbsp;半极的，semirecumbent&nbsp;半卧的，semitransparent&nbsp;半透明的，semicartilagimous&nbsp;半软骨的。&nbsp;<br>
　　4、holo-，pan-,完全&nbsp;<br>
　　（1）&nbsp;holo-全部，完全&nbsp;<br>
holoantigen&nbsp;全抗原，holocephalic&nbsp;头部完整的，hokodiastolic&nbsp;全舒张期的，holopathy&nbsp;全身病，holoplexia&nbsp;全身瘫，holosteosclerosis&nbsp;全身骨硬化，holosystolic&nbsp;全收缩期的，holori\etanus&nbsp;全身性破伤风，holotonia&nbsp;全身肌紧张。&nbsp;<br>
　　（2）&nbsp;pan-&nbsp;完全&nbsp;<br>
panagglutination&nbsp;全凝集，panarthritis&nbsp;全关节炎，panarteritis&nbsp;全动脉炎，panesthesia&nbsp;全感觉&nbsp;，pancarditis&nbsp;全心炎，pancytopenia&nbsp;全血细胞减少，pancytosis&nbsp;全血细胞&nbsp;增多。&nbsp;<br>
　　5、mero-,topo-&nbsp;局部&nbsp;<br>
　　（1）&nbsp;mero-&nbsp;常指部分&nbsp;<br>
meromicrosomia&nbsp;部分躯干过小，meropia&nbsp;部分盲，merorachischisis&nbsp;部分分脊柱裂，merodialysis&nbsp;部分分离，meromwrphosis&nbsp;再生不全。&nbsp;<br>
　　(4)sub-不全，不足，次，亚，下&nbsp;<br>
subacetate&nbsp;次醋酸盐（次用于化学名称），subacidirty&nbsp;酸不足，subacute&nbsp;亚急性，subfebrile&nbsp;微热的，subinvolution&nbsp;复旧不全，subtotal&nbsp;次全的，subconciousness&nbsp;意识的，subdivision&nbsp;亚门，subgroup&nbsp;亚组，subfamily&nbsp;亚科，subiodide&nbsp;次碘化物，sublethal&nbsp;亚致死的，subliukemia&nbsp;亚白血病。&nbsp;<br>
Sub-&nbsp;除上述含意外，还表示位置在下面。&nbsp;<br>
Subabdominal&nbsp;腹下的，subarchinoid&nbsp;蛛网膜下腔的，subaural&nbsp;耳下的，subscapular&nbsp;肩胛下的，subcapduloperiosteal&nbsp;关节囊骨膜下的，subclavicular&nbsp;胸骨下的，substratum&nbsp;下层。&nbsp;<br> ]]></description>
		<eb:creationDate>2009-02-08 21:24:18</eb:creationDate>
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		<title><![CDATA[ 年度贺岁大片《非诚勿扰》中征婚启事的翻译 ]]></title>
		<link>http://blog.tom.com/transmate/article/3178.html</link>
		<description><![CDATA[ <div face="Arial">
<p align="center"><strong><img alt="" src="http://img1.qq.com/edu/pics/15242/15242128.jpg" border="0"></strong></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em"><font face="Arial"><strong>他的征婚启事是这么写的:</strong></font></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em"><font face="Arial">Here's his announcement looking for a bride.</font></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em"><font face="Arial">你要想找一帅哥就别来了，你要想找一钱包就别见了，硕士学历以上的免谈，上海女人免谈，女企业家免谈（小商小贩除外），省得咱们互相都会失望。刘德华和阿汤哥那种财貌双全的郎君是不会来征你的婚的，当然我也没有做诺丁山的梦。您要真是一仙女我也接不住，没期待您长得更画报封面一样看一眼就魂飞魄散。外表时尚，内心保守，身心都健康的一般人就行，要是多少还有点儿婉约那就更靠谱了。心眼儿别太多岁数别太小，允许时常有不切实际的想入非非，但三句话就能给轰回现实还不气脑顶多有点儿难为情地咧嘴一笑就该干吗干吗去了。我喜欢会叠衣服的女人，每次洗完烫平叠得都像刚从商店里买回来的一样。说得够具体了吧。</font></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em"><font face="Arial">If you are looking for a handsome guy or a wallet,don't reply;If you hold a Master's degree or higher, not possible;girls born in Shanghai, not possible;female entrepreneurs(except small business hawker), not possible, so that we don't waste each other's hope。 The Andy Liu or Tom criuse kind, ,who are both wealthy and good-looking, would not make an announcement looking for you. Surely, I don't expect a Notting Hill story either. Even if you're indeed an angle, I won't be able to handle you---I don't expect that you looks like that girl on the magazine cover, just one look crushing people's souls。An averge person, with outside stylishness and inside conservativeness,with fit body and mind,will just do, even better if you're beautifully shy. You need not to play too many tricks or be too young, from time to time, you're allowed to have unrealistic dreams, but a few words is enough to get you back into reality without getting you angry--a little embarassed grin at most,and then do what you ought to do. I like a woman who knows how to fold clothes in a way that whenever you finish washing, ironing and folding them, they will look just like when you bought them from stores. It cannot be more specific than this, can it?</font></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em"><font face="Arial">自我介绍一下，我，岁数已经不小了，日子小康，抽烟不喝酒，</font><font face="Arial">留学</font><font face="Arial">生身份出去的，在国外生活过十几年，没正经上过学，蹉跎中练就一身生存技能，现在学无所成海外归来，实话实说应该定性为一只没有</font><font face="Arial">公司</font><font face="Arial">没有股票没有学位的“三无劣海龟”。性格OPEN，人品五五开，不算老实人，但天生胆小，杀人不犯法我也杀不了人，伤天害理了自己良心也备受摧残，命中注定想学坏都当不了大坏蛋。总体而言基本上还是属于对人类对社会有益无害的一类。</font></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em"><font face="Arial">Let me introduce myself for you. I'm a man whose age is no longer small, living a moderately well-off life, who doesn't drink but smoke. I went abroad as a student and spent more than a decade living abroad, but never attended a real education. In wasting time, I learned all sorts of ways to make a living. Now I returned with no achivement at all. To tell you the truth, I should be judged as a “Fake Turtle" without the three--No company, no stocks and no degree. My personality is open;My character is neither good nor bad. I'm not exactly an honest man, but I am without much courage since I was born. Even it is not illegal to kill, I wouldn't kill anyone. My conscience will be tortured by the guilt if I do anything cruel to others。I am meant not to be a villain, even if I try to be one. In general and basically, I'm still one of those who are beneficial and harmless to the mankind and our society.</font></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em"><font face="Arial">有意者电联，非诚勿扰</font></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em"><font face="Arial">Contact me by phone, if you're the one.</font></p>
</div> ]]></description>
		<eb:creationDate>2009-01-21 11:23:36</eb:creationDate>
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